Table 1.
Baseline characteristics for all study participants.
| CHC (n = 30) | AHC (n = 26) | CP (n = 48) | ||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 14 | (46.7) | 15 | (57.7) | 21 | (43.8) |
| Male | 16 | (53.3) | 11 | (42.3) | 27 | (56.3) |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 4 | (13.3) | 19 | (73.1) | 2 | (4.2) |
| Mixed | 0 | (0) | 2 | (7.7) | 3 | (6.3) |
| Asian | 0 | (0) | 3 | (11.5) | 2 | (4.17) |
| Black Caribbean | 4 | (13.3) | 0 | (0) | 2 | (4.17) |
| Black African | 13 | (43.3)a | 0 | (0) | 38 | (79.2)b |
| Other | 9 | (30) | 2 | (7.7) | 1 | (2.1) |
| Born in UK | 29 | (96.7)a | 20 | (74.1) | 24 | (50)b |
| Age/months | 107.5 | (19–195) | 330c | (245–359) | 154d | (12–209) |
| Previous PCV7 | 9 | (30.0) | 0 | (0) | 7 | (14.6) |
| Previous PPV | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 12 | (25.0) |
| Nadir CD4% | – | – | – | – | 13 | (0–48) |
| Prop | – | – | – | – | 0.49 | (0–0.98) |
| VL <50 copies/ml | – | – | – | – | 37 | (77.1) |
| Antiretroviral treated 1st year | – | – | – | – | 7 | (14.9) |
| Antiretroviral treated 1st 2 years | – | – | – | – | 12 | (25.3) |
| LSS | ||||||
| Lymph cells/μl | 2139 | (1666–3414) | 1807.5e | (1377–2115) | 2349.5f,g | (1764–3308.5) |
| CD3 cells/μl | 1575.5 | (1166–2486) | 1389d,e | (1094–1706) | 1854.5h | (1390.5–2518) |
| CD3% | 71.6 | (66.6–78.3) | 75.3 | (70.1–79.1) | 75.45 | (68.9–79.6) |
| CD4+ cells/μl | 833.5 | (647–1391) | 794 | (694–1061) | 855h | (525.5–1118) |
| CD4% | 43.1 | (36.7–46.5) | 44.6e | (39.8–50.6) | 34.55h | (27.2–40.8) |
| CD8+ cells/μl | 529.5 | (356–907) | 497e | (383–557) | 913.5f,g | (659–1074.5) |
| CD8% | 23.8 | (21.6–27.2) | 26.3e | (22.2–28.9) | 32.95h | (28.9–44.5) |
| CD19 cells/μl | 446.5 | (272–679) | 257d,e | (153–326) | 403f | (266–570.5) |
| CD19% | 18.2 | (14.5–24.2) | 12d,e | (8.9–16.8) | 17.3f | (12.96–21.4) |
| CD56 cells/μl | 134.5 | (82–205) | 172.5e | (96–188) | 119h | (72–184.5) |
| CD56% | 5.4 | (2.9–8.2) | 9.4d,e | (6.5–12.1) | 4.35 | (2.8–5.6) |
Sex, ethnicity, UK origin, HIV viral load status, treated in the first year of life, treated in the first 2 years of life, previous PCV7 and previous PPV are presented as number and percentage. Age, nadir CD4% and proportion of life undetectable are presented as median and range. Lymphocyte subsets are presented as median and inter-quartile range. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare proportions. Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare age and baseline LSS between the child and adult groups. To compare LSS between child groups, data were log-transformed and compared using linear regression analysis to allow adjustment for age and to assess age × group interactions.
AHC, adult healthy control; CHC, child healthy control; CP, child patient; LSS, lymphocyte subsets; PCV7, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PPV, pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine; Prop, proportion of life spent with undetectable viral load; VL, HIV viral load.
aProportion significantly different: CHC vs. AHC (P < 0.05).
bProportion significantly different: CP vs. CHC (P < 0.005).
cMedian significantly different from CP and CHC (P < 0.001).
dMedian significantly different from CHC (P < 0.05).
eMedian significantly different from CP (P < 0.05).
fSignificant independent age effect when comparing CHC vs. CP (P < 0.05).
gSignificant independent group effect when comparing CHC vs. CP (P < 0.05).
hSignificant age × group interaction when comparing CHC vs. CP (P < 0.05).