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. 2014 Sep 17;5:441. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00441

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Copyright © 2014 Appel, Maqbool, Raina, Jagadeeswaran, Acharya, Hanley, Miller, Hearnes, Jones, Raina and Schultz.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of pre-treatment with S. exigua feeding on susceptibility of Arabidopsis to P. syringe pv. tomato virulent and avirulent strains and the expression of Arabidopsis PR1. (A) Bacterial population growth. N = 4–6. (B) Relative PR1 gene expression (treatment/control) N = 3. ^*Indicates a statistically significant effect of caterpillar pretreatment at p < 0.05.