Figure 7.

Coarticulation in cortical activity for individual phonemes. a–c, Cortical data (mean ± SE) from four electrodes distributed along the dorsal-ventral extent of vSMC (colored dark red to black with increasing dorsal distance from sylvian fissure) during the production of /ba/, /bi/, /bu/ (a); /da/, /di/, /du/ (b); and /ga/, /gi/, /gu/ (c). Dashed vertical and horizontal lines demarcate 0 for time and high-gamma z-scores, respectively. Time point 0 is the acoustic onset of the consonant-to-vowel transition. Yellow arrows demarcate vowel times for /u/ with different activity depending on the preceding consonant; orange arrows demarcate consonant times during /b/ and /d/ with differential activity depending on the upcoming vowel.