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. 2014 Sep 9;9:4293–4304. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S68012

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© 2014 Ho et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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Effects of chitosan nanofibers on the mineralization of human osteoblasts.

Notes: Human osteoblast-like MG63 cells were seeded on chitosan films and chitosan nanofiber scaffolds, and then exposed to a differentiation reagent (10 nM dexamethasone, 100 μg/mL ascorbic acid, and 10 mM β-glycerophosphate) for 21 days. The differentiation reagent was renewed every 2 days. Mineralization of human osteoblasts was determined using ALP-, Alizarin red S dye-, and von Kossa-staining protocols. (A) ALP staining: (a) chitosan film and (b) chitosan nanofibers. (B) Alizarin red staining: (a) chitosan film and (b) chitosan nanofibers. (C) von-Kossa staining: (a) chitosan film and (b) chitosan nanofibers. 40× magnification.

Abbreviation: ALP, alkaline phosphatase.