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. 2014 Sep 17;8:114. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2014.00114

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Copyright © 2014 McCutcheon, Cone, Sinon, Fortin, Kantak, Witten, Deisseroth, Stuber and Roitman.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Group data showing optical suppression of dopamine signaling. (A) In TH-Cre⁺ rats transfected with NpHR (n = 8), laser illumination of VTA strongly suppressed dopamine, relative to trials in which the laser was not turned on. (B) No effect of laser was seen in control rats (n = 5). (C) Quantification of data in (A) and (B). Circles are individual rats and bars are mean values. * p < 0.05 laser on vs. laser off.