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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 17.
Published in final edited form as: FEBS Lett. 2014 Aug 14;588(18):3501–3510. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.08.009

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

HCV core-induced TNF-α and IL-6 mediate the enhancement of HIV-1 infection in THP-1 macrophages and MDMs. (A) TNF-α and (B) IL-6 cytokine induction in naïve, HIV-BaL-infected, and/or stimulated with HCV core, and β-galactosidase protein control was measured by ELISA. (C) THP-1 macrophages and (D) MDMs were infected with HIV-BaL for 12 hours. Cells were left unstimulated or treated with HCV core, or β-galactosidase protein control, in the presence or absence of specific human monoclonal nAbs anti-TNF-α and/or anti-IL-6. HIV infectivity was determined by luciferase activity in cell lysates 48 hours after infection. Data are shown as relative fold induction of HIV infectivity (mean ± SD). Results from 3 independent experiments (THP-1) and 2 independent MDM donors are shown. *Significantly different (P < 0.05) from the HIV-infection alone group.