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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 18.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Physiol. 2012 Nov 8;75:685–705. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183653

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The myriad activities of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The many factors that compose the SASP have numerous biological activities, all highly dependent upon physiological context. These activities include stimulation of angiogenesis, stimulation and inhibition of cell proliferation, creation of a chemoresistant niche during cancer chemotherapy, stimulation of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, chronic inflammation, alterations to stem cell renewal and/or differentiation, and optimization of tissue repair. Hexagons represent SASP factors that act within and outside the senescent cell.