Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the enrolled subjects
| Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Minimum | Maximum | Mean ± SD | Minimum | Maximum | |
| Number of subjects | 85 | 111 | ||||
| Age (years) | 44.0 ± 9.7 | 30 | 64 | 46.4 ± 8.7 | 30 | 64 |
| Height (cm) | 169.5 ± 5.4 | 157.3 | 181.0 | 158.0 ± 5.3 | 148.2 | 174.5 |
| Body weight (kg) | 66.6 ± 8.4 | 49.9 | 105.3 | 54.1 ± 8.0 | 35.3 | 76.4 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.1 ± 2.7 | 18.2 | 34.3 | 21.6 ± 3.0 | 13.2 | 31.3 |
| Abdominal circumference (cm) | 81.8 ± 8.0 | 68.5 | 110.8 | 77.1 ± 8.9 | 61.5 | 104.3 |
| Peak oxygen uptake (mL/kg/min) | 38.1 ± 8.0 | 16.5 | 55.8 | 29.5 ± 5.9 | 15.0 | 45.2 |
| Physical activity (METs h/w) | 23.4 ± 15.4 | 1.19 | 74.1 | 23.4 ± 12.5 | 3.5 | 66.4 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.0 ± 12.1 | 101.0 | 159.0 | 115.2 ± 12.8 | 92.0 | 162.0 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.6 ± 8.1 | 59.0 | 94.0 | 70.3 ± 9.6 | 52.0 | 96.0 |
| Blood profile | ||||||
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 3.2 ± 2.3 | 0.5 | 14.7 | 5.9 ± 3.8 | 1.0 | 20.6 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 106.1 ± 74.4 | 34.0 | 554.0 | 74.0 ± 35.2 | 29.0 | 200.0 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 60.4 ± 18.3 | 30.0 | 149.0 | 69.2 ± 12.8 | 41.0 | 103.0 |
| Blood glucose (mg/dL) | 94.0 ± 11.3 | 73.0 | 146.0 | 88.3 ± 8.3 | 59.0 | 133.0 |
| Insulin(μU/mL) | 5.3 ± 3.6 | 0.9 | 22.6 | 4.8 ± 2.7 | 0.6 | 16.5 |
| HOMA index | 1.3 ± 1.2 | 0.2 | 7.9 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 0.1 | 4.0 |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 2111.1 ± 467.7 | 1013.4 | 3536.0 | 1663.0 ± 424.7 | 686.0 | 3383.3 |
| Number of subjects with smoking habit (%) | 20 (23.5) | 1 (0.9) | ||||
METs h/w, Σ [metabolic equivalents × h per week (METs h/w)]; HOMA index, homeostasis model assessment index