Table 4. Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) for the Associations between Arterial Stiffness (Defined as a Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity ≥1400 cm/s) with Resting Heart Rate Systolic Blood Pressure Product Quartiles and Resting Heart Rate Mean Arterial Pressure Product Quartiles in the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community Study.

	Quartile 1	Quartile 2	Quartile 3	Quartile 4
Resting Heart Rate Systolic Blood Pressure Product Range	4500–7737	7739–8998	9000–10488	10496–23114
Number of Participants with Arterial Stiffness (Number (%))	413 (13.0%)	714 (22.4%)	907 (28.4%)	1156 (36.2%)
Model 1	1	2.6 (2.2–3.1)	5.0 (4.2–5.9)	18.8 (15.2–23.4)
Model 2	1	3.0 (2.5–3.6)	5.6 (4.6–6.8)	19.0 (15.0–24.2)
Model 3	1	2.8 (2.3–3.4)	5.1 (4.1–6.2)	16.4 (12.7–21.0)
Model 4	1	1.5 (1.2–2.0)	1.8 (1.2–2.6)	2.7 (1.5–5.1)
Resting Heart Rate Mean Arterial Pressure Product, Range	2728–5908	5908–6784	6785–7855	7857–17921
Number of arterial stiffness (Number (%))	499 (15.6%)	704 (22.1%)	888 (27.8%)	1099 (34.5%)
Model 1	1	1.9 (1.6–2.2)	3.5 (3.0–4.1)	9.2 (7.6–11.1)
Model 2	1	2.6 (2.1–3.1)	5.2 (4.1–6.2)	13.9 (11.2–17.4)
Model 3	1	2.4 (2.0–3.0)	4.6 (3.7–5.6)	11.6 (9.2–14.7)
Model 5	1	1.3 (1.0–1.8)	1.6 (1.1–2.3)	2.1 (1.2–3.7)

Model 1: unadjusted.

Model 2: adjusted for age and sex.

Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, married status, educational level, reported income of each family member, body mass index, fasting blood concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, current smoking status, and current alcohol drinking status.

Model 4: adjusted for the same independent parameters as in Model 3, plus resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure.

Model 5: adjusted for the same independent parameters as in Model 3, plus resting heart rate and mean arterial pressure.