Table 1.
Distribution of non dietary factors among study subjects according to menopausal status
| Variables | Total sample (n = 3,548) | Premenopausal (n = 811) | Postmenopausal (n = 2,737) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Mean (SD)1 (missing = 5) | 56 (5) | 50 (3) | 58 (5) | <0.001 | |
| BMI.2 N (%) (missing = 15) | <25 | 1,013 (28.7) | 330 (40.8) | 683 (25.1) | <0.001 |
| 25–29.9 | 1,479 (41.9) | 273 (33.8) | 1,206 (44.3) | ||
| ≥30 | 1,041 (29.5) | 205 (25.4) | 836 (30.7) | ||
| Menopausal status, N (%) | Premenopausal | 416 (11.7) | – | – | – |
| Perimenopausal | 395 (11.1) | – | – | ||
| Postmenopausal | 2,737 (77.1) | – | – | ||
| Education, N (%)(missing = 6) | <5th grade | 1,203 (34.0) | 133 (16.4) | 1,070 (39.2) | <0.001 |
| 5th-8th grade | 1,313 (37.1) | 298 (36.8) | 1,015 (37.2) | ||
| ≥8th grade | 1,026 (29.0) | 379 (46.8) | 647 (23.7) | ||
| Socioeconomic status, N (%)(missing = 15) | Low | 850 (24.1) | 155 (19.2) | 695 (25.5) | <0.001 |
| Medium | 2,507 (71.0) | 599 (74.3) | 1,908 (70.0) | ||
| High | 176 (5.0) | 52 (6.5) | 124 (4.5) | ||
| Nulliparous (N,%) | 317 (8.9) | 82 (10.1) | 235 (8.6) | 0.181 | |
| Number of births among parous women (mean, SD) | 2.3 (1.0) | 2.1 (0.9) | 2.4 (1.0) | <0.001 | |
| Hormone replacement therapy, N (%) | Never | 3,042 (85.7) | 790 (97.4) | 2,252 (82.3) | <0.001 |
| Current | 154 (4.3) | 19 (2.3) | 135 (4.9) | ||
| Past | 301 (8.5) | 2 (0.2) | 299 (10.9) | ||
| Raloxifen | 51 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 51 (1.9) | ||
| Diabetes, N (%) (missing = 6) | 195 (5.5) | 13 (1.6) | 182 (6.7) | <0.001 | |
| Osteoporosis, N (%) (missing = 56) | 463 (13.3) | 20 (2.5) | 443 (16.5) | <0.001 | |
| Physical activity (last year), N (%)(missing = 4) | Low | 223 (6.3) | 84 (10.4) | 139 (5.1) | <0.001 |
| Moderate | 1,620 (45.8) | 434 (53.9) | 1,186 (43.5) | ||
| High | 1,691 (47.8) | 287 (35.7) | 1,404 (51.4) | ||
| Smoking habit, N (%) | Never | 1,735 (48.9) | 331 (40.8) | 1,404 (51.3) | <0.001 |
| Current | 1,648 (46.4) | 440 (54.3) | 1,208 (44.1) | ||
| Former | 165 (4.7) | 40 (4.9) | 125 (4.6) | ||
| Drinking habit, N (%) | Never | 2,054 (57.9) | 344 (42.4) | 1,710 (62.5) | <0.001 |
| Current | 857 (24.2) | 257 (31.7) | 600 (21.9) | ||
| Former | 637 (18.0) | 210 (25.9) | 427 (15.6) | ||
| Mammographic density N (%) | 0–10% | 871 (24.5) | 107 (13.2) | 764 (27.9) | <0.001 |
| 10–25% | 732 (20.6) | 107 (13.2) | 625 (22.8) | ||
| 25–50% | 1,135 (32.0) | 267 (32.9) | 868 (31.7) | ||
| 50–75% | 623 (17.6) | 249 (30.7) | 374 (13.7) | ||
| >75% | 187 (5.3) | 81 (10.0) | 106 (3.9) |
1
SD: Standard deviation.
2
BMI: Body Mass Index.