Table 1.

Homologies of the antebrachial musculature of archosaurs, lepidosaurs, and testudines.

Muscle	Aves (Baumel et al. 1993)	Crocodylia (Meers, 2003)	Lepidosauria (Russell & Bauer, 2008)	Testudines (Walker, 1973)
Anconeus	Ectepicondylo-ulnaris	Flexor Ulnaris	Anconeus quartus	Extensor carpi ulnaris (part)
Extensor carpi ulnaris	Extensor carpi ulnaris	Absent	Extensor carpi ulnaris	Extensor carpi ulnaris (part)
Supinator	Supinator	Supinator	Supinator longus	Tractor radii
Extensor carpi radalis	Extensor carpi radialis	Extensor carpi radialis longus	Extensor carpi radialis superficialis	Extensor carpi radialis superficialis
Abductor radialis	Absent	Abductor radialis	Extensor carpi radialis intermedius and profundus	Extensor carpi radialis intermedius and profundus
Abductor pollicis longus	Extensor longus alulae	Extensor carpi radialis brevis	Supinator manus	Supinator manus
Extensor digitorum longus	Extensor digitorum communis	Extensor carpi ulnaris longus	Extensor digitorum longus	Extensor digitorum communis
Pronator teres	Pronator superficialis	Pronator teres	Pronator teres	Pronator teres
Pronator accessorius	Pronator profundus	Absent	Pronator accessorius	Absent
Pronator quadratus	Ulnometacarpalis ventralis	Pronator quadratus	Pronator profundus	Pronator profundus
Epitrochleoanconeus	Entepicondylo-ulnaris	Absent	Epitrochleo-anconeus	Flexor carpi ulnaris (part)
Flexor carpi ulnaris	Flexor carpi ulnaris	Flexor carpi ulnaris	Flexor carpi ulnaris	Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum longus superficialis	Flexor digitorum longus superficialis	Flexor digitorum longus pars humeralis	Flexor digitorum longus (humeral head)	Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum longus profundus	Flexor digitorum longus profundus	Flexor digitorum longus pars ulnaris	Flexor digitorum longus (ulnar head)	Flexor digitorum longus