TABLE 1.

Demographic Characteristics of the Public Sample by Ethnicity

	Chinesea		Koreanb		Total samplec
Characteristics	n	%	n	%	n	%
Gender***
Male	3	7.5	9	47.4	12	20.3
Female	37	92.5	10	52.6	47	79.7
Age*
20–29	1	2.6	7	36.8	8	13.8
30–39	0	0.0	2	10.5	2	3.4
40–49	2	5.1	0	0.0	2	3.4
50–59	8	20.5	0	0.0	8	13.8
60–69	16	41.0	2	10.5	18	31.0
70 or older	12	30.8	8	42.1	20	34.5
Median age	65.00		62.00		64.00
Education***
12 years or less	27	67.5	5	27.8	32	55.2
13–15 years	7	17.5	1	5.6	8	13.8
16 years or greater	6	15.0	12	66.7	18	31.0
Household income (Month)*
$1,000 or less	33	89.2	11	78.6	44	86.3
$1,001–2,000	4	10.8	0	0.0	4	7.8
$2,001–3,000	0	0.0	1	7.1	1	2.0
$3,001 or greater	0	0.0	2	14.3	2	3.9
Median income	$700.00		$950.00		$700.00
Nativity status***
U.S.-born	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Foreign-born	40	100.0	19	100.0	100	100.0
China	37	92.5	0	0.0	37	62.7
Hong Kong	2	5.0	0	0.0	2	3.4
Korea	0	0.0	19	100.0	19	32.2
Other	1	2.5	0	0.0	1	1.7
Years in the United States
Less than 5 years	2	5.0	3	15.8	5	8.5
5–10 years	10	25.0	3	15.8	13	22.0
11–20 years	11	27.5	7	36.8	18	30.5
21 years or greater	17	42.5	6	31.6	23	39.0
Age at immigration
Less than 12 years	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
13–17 years	1	2.6	3	15.8	4	6.9
18–34 years	9	23.1	6	31.6	15	25.9
35+ years	29	74.4	10	52.6	39	67.2
English proficiency*
Not at all	10	25.0	0	0.0	10	16.9
Poor/Fair	29	72.5	15	78.9	44	74.6
Good/Excellent	1	2.5	4	21.0	5	8.5
Generational status***
First immigrants	33	86.8	15	83.3	48	85.8
1.5 generation	5	13.2	0	0.0	5	8.9
F-1 visa status(students)	0	0.0	3	16.7	3	5.4
Government assistance
Welfare recipients	12	30.0	5	26.3	17	28.8
Nonwelfare recipients	28	70.0	14	73.7	42	71.2

Note. Missing data: (n = 1) gender, ethnicity, nativity status, years of immigration, English proficiency, and government assistance; (n = 2) age, years of education, and age at immigration; (n = 4) generation status; and (n = 9) monthly income.

^an = 40.

^bn = 20.

^cN = 60

^*p < .05.

** p < .01.

^***p ≤ .001.