TABLE 3—
Association of Respiratory Symptoms and Diseases With Home Renovation: 7 Northeastern Cities Study, 25 Districts in Northeast China, 2008–2009
| Home Renovation | Cough, POR (95% CI) | Phlegm, POR (95% CI) | Doctor-Diagnosed Asthma, POR (95% CI) | Current Asthma, POR (95% CI) | Current Wheeze, POR (95% CI) |
| Home renovation in recent 2 y | |||||
| No (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.36 (1.25, 1.47) | 1.62 (1.45, 1.82) | 1.35 (1.22, 1.49) | 1.32 (1.13, 1.55) | 1.26 (1.14, 1.39) |
| Type of renovationa | |||||
| Oil painting | |||||
| No (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.47 (1.24, 1.66) | 1.28 (1.04, 1.58) | 1.50 (1.27, 1.78) | 1.42 (1.09, 1.86) | 1.18 (0.99, 1.42) |
| New PVC flooring | |||||
| No (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.20 (0.88, 1.63) | 1.61 (1.11, 2.35) | 1.67 (1.21, 2.30) | 1.24 (0.69, 2.24) | 1.27 (0.87, 1.84) |
| New hardwood floor | |||||
| No (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.47 (1.32, 1.63) | 1.69 (1.46, 1.95) | 1.25 (1.10, 1.42) | 1.27 (1.03, 1.56) | 1.05 (0.92, 1.20) |
| New synthetic carpet | |||||
| No (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.48 (1.13, 1.95) | 1.28 (0.86, 1.90) | 1.55 (1.13, 2.12) | 2.24 (1.45, 3.45) | 1.41 (1.01, 1.98) |
| New wall covering | |||||
| No (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.32 (1.16, 1.49) | 1.27 (1.07, 1.51) | 1.29 (1.12, 1.49) | 1.22 (0.97, 1.55) | 1.16 (0.99, 1.35) |
| New furniture | |||||
| No (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.42 (1.24, 1.62) | 1.40 (1.16, 1.69) | 1.37 (1.17, 1.60) | 1.38 (1.07, 1.77) | 1.12 (0.94, 1.33) |
| Othersb | |||||
| No (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.83 (1.33, 2.52) | 2.38 (1.62, 3.49) | 1.69 (1.16, 2.45) | 1.08 (0.52, 2.21) | 1.33 (0.86, 2.04) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; POR = prevalence odds ratio; PVC = polyvinyl chloride. The sample size was n = 31 049. We estimated PORs with 95% CIs by logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender, parental education, breast feeding, low birth weight, child’s obesity, family history of atopy, family history of asthma, area per person, house close to main road, house close to a factory, house close to a smokestack, use of domestic cooking and heating fuels, ventilation device in kitchen, air exchange in winter, humidifier use, keeping pets in the home, home mold, home pests, passive smoking exposure, and study districts.
Each POR compared children living in houses that had a particular type of renovation material with children living in houses that did not have that particular type of renovation material in recent 2 y.
Other types of renovation include aluminum sliding glass window frames or doorframes, aluminum and iron grills, change of roof tiles, plumbing, and electrical works.