Table 1.

Newly approved hormonal agents for the treatment of mCRPC

Drug	Date of FDA approval and indication	Mechanism of action	Side effects
Abiraterone acetate (Zytiga)	December2012- (COU-AA-301)	An androgen biosynthesis inhibitor of 17 alpha hydroxylase/C-17,20-lyase within prostate cancer cells and outside	Fatigue, joint swelling, edema, hot flashes, diarrhea, cough.
	In combination with prednisone for treatment of patients in mCRPC [29]
			Administration of prednisone is necessary to overcome hypertension, hypokalemia, fluid overload from mineralocorticoid excess induced by CYP17-inhibition
	April 2012- (COU-AA-302) [30]
	Treatment of mCRPC in patients with have received prior chemotherapy containing Docetaxel
Enzalutamide (Xtandi) Previously known as MDV3100	August 2012- AFFIRM trial [34]	Androgen receptor inhibitor- inhibits multiple steps in AR signaling	Fatigue, hot flashes, musculoskeletal pain, hyperglycemia, weight gain, Seizures in 0.6% of the patients.
	Monotherapy for mCRPC who have previously received Docetaxel
	January 2014- PREVAIL trial [35]
	Survival benefit in chemotherapy naïve patients. Awaiting FDA approval.