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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Magn Reson Med. 2014 Mar 17;73(3):973–983. doi: 10.1002/mrm.25195

FIG 1.

FIG 1

Data-driven parallel imaging calibration lines can be acquired only once in a time-series to shorten the breath-holding time. a) Sampling pattern (shown in ky-kz plane) accelerated for parallel imaging (factor of 2 × 2) for a pre-contrast frame, with ACS lines needed for parallel imaging kernel calibration in the central region of k-space. Acquisition of this pattern requires a 16 s breath-hold. b) IVD sampling pattern combined with parallel imaging acceleration for time-resolved imaging, with no ACS lines (uses the pre-contrast kernel from (a)) requires a 22 s breath-hold. c) Sampling pattern with ACS lines acquired within each time-frame requires a significantly longer scan time (32 s). d) Proposed sampling pattern with ACS lines only acquired during the first time-frame and requires a 24 s breath-hold. The parallel imaging kernel is calibrated only once within the breath-hold and the same kernel weights are used for all the time-frames.