Table 2.
Multiple logistic regression analyses to test associations between major cardiovascular risk factors and dietary patterns* among black participants in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2)
| Vegetarian/vegan | Pesco-vegetarian | Vegetarian/vegan | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (reference: Non-vegetarian) | (reference: Non-vegetarian) | (reference: Pesco-vegetarian) | ||||
| OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | |
| A. Not adjusted for BMI | ||||||
| Hypertension† | 0·56 | 0·36, 0·87 | 0·94 | 0·54, 1·63 | 0·60 | 0·32, 1·11 |
| Diabetes | 0·48 | 0·24, 0·98 | 1·11 | 0·56, 2·22 | 0·44 | 0·23, 0·79 |
| High TC‡ | 0·42 | 0·27, 0·65 | 0·99 | 0·56, 1·75 | 0·42 | 0·23, 0·79 |
| High LDL-C‡ | 0·54 | 0·33, 0·89 | 1·31 | 0·77, 2·22 | 0·41 | 0·23, 0·75 |
| Low HDL-C‡ | 0·69 | 0·45, 1·07 | 0·99 | 0·59, 1·66 | 0·70 | 0·38, 1·27 |
| High TAG‡ | 1·05 | 0·56, 2·00 | 0·82 | 0·37, 1·83 | 1·28 | 0·51, 3·21 |
| Obesity§, females | 0·38 | 0·22, 0·65 | 0·59 | 0·32, 1·12 | 0·64 | 0·31, 1·36 |
| Obesity, males | 0·52 | 0·24, 1·13 | 0·22 | 0·06, 0·78 | 2·39 | 0·61, 9·34 |
| Obesity, both sexes | 0·43 | 0·28, 0·67 | 0·47 | 0·27, 0·81 | 0·92 | 0·49, 1·72 |
| Abdominal adiposity§, females | 0·55 | 0·33, 0·92 | 0·53 | 0·29, 1·00 | 1·04 | 0·50, 2·14 |
| Abdominal adiposity, males | 0·48 | 0·22, 1·04 | 0·43 | 0·15, 1·21 | 1·10 | 0·35, 3·53 |
| Abdominal adiposity, both sexes | 0·54 | 0·36, 0·82 | 0·50 | 0·29, 0·84 | 1·09 | 0·59, 1·99 |
| B. Adjusted for BMI | ||||||
| Hypertension | 0·73 | 0·46, 1·16 | 1·16 | 0·65, 2·07 | 0·63 | 0·33, 1·19 |
| Diabetes | 0·60 | 0·29, 1·25 | 1·29 | 0·63, 2·63 | 0·47 | 0·19, 1·12 |
| ‘High cholesterol’ | 0·44 | 0·28, 0·70 | 1·03 | 0·58, 1·84 | 0·43 | 0·23, 0·80 |
| High LDL-C | 0·61 | 0·36, 1·03 | 1·44 | 0·83, 2·48 | 0·42 | 0·23, 0·77 |
| Low HDL-C | 0·88 | 0·47, 1·66 | 1·20 | 0·62, 2·31 | 0·73 | 0·33, 1·66 |
| High TAG | 1·27 | 0·66, 2·45 | 0·93 | 0·41, 2·09 | 1·38 | 0·55, 3·45 |
TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, LDL-cholesterol; HDL-C, HDL-cholesterol; BP, blood pressure; WC, waist circumference.
A separate logistic regression model was run for each risk factor, in each case adjusted for age, gender (as appropriate), education, physical activity, sub-study indicator and BMI as indicated.
†Hypertension is systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or taking medications for high BP.
‡High TC is ≥200 mg/dl and high LDL-C is ≥130 mg/dl or taking cholesterol-lowering medications in either case; low HDL-C is <40 mg/dl (males) or <50 mg/dl (females); high TAG is >150 mg/dl.
§Obesity is BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m2; abdominal adiposity is WC >88 cm in females and >102 in males.