Figure 5.

Numerically predicted electrical energy W_es, Eq. 13, required to form an aqueous pore. (A) Comparison of the predicted W_es computed using the GPNP, PNP, EM, and LM models defined in the Materials and Methods for the transmembrane potential of V_m = 500 mV. (B) Estimates of W_es computed using the GPNP for the transmembrane potentials listed. (C) Estimates of W_es computed using the GPNP for V_m = 500 mV for different tether reservoir diffusivities. The parameters of the governing equations and boundary conditions can be found in Table S1.