Table 3.

Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of non-compliance according to baseline characteristics for the distance subset (3 screening centers) in PLCO (10 US screening centers; 1993–2011) (n=1425)

	% Non-compliant	Unadjusted* OR (CI)	Adjusted*,** OR (CI)
Age at randomization (years)
Younger than 50	17.9	Reference	Reference
60–64	15.5	0.8 (0.6–1.2)	1.0 (0.7–1.5)
65–59	16.5	0.9 (0.6–1.3)	1.4 (0.8–2.2)
70 or older	22.3	1.3 (0.9–2.0)	1.7 (1.0–2.9)
Gender
Female	19.7	Reference	Reference
Male	14.9	0.7 (0.5–0.9)	0.8 (0.6–1.2)
Race
White- non-Hispanic	17.2	Reference	Reference
Black, non-Hispanic	22.9	1.4 (0.9–2.3)	0.7 (0.4–1.2)
Hispanic	12.9	0.7 (0.3–1.4)	0.6 (0.3–1.3)
Asian	0.0	–	–
Pacific Islander	0.0	–	–
American Indian	37.5	2.9 (0.7–12.1)	1.8 (0.4–8.8)
Education
Less than high school	29.4	1.8 (1.1–3.0)	1.4 (0.8–2.4)
High school grad	18.4	Reference	Reference
Post HS/some college	18.0	1.0 (0.7–1.4)	1.1 (0.8–1.7)
College grad/postgrad	13.4	0.7 (0.5–1.0)	0.9 (0.6–1.4)
BMI (kg/mˆ2)
0 – 18.5	20.0	1.0 (0.2–5.0)	0.9 (0.2–5.7)
18.6 – 25.0	19.3	Reference	Reference
25.1 – 30.0	14.0	0.7 (0.5–0.9)	0.7 (0.5–1.0)
> 30.0	21.2	1.1 (0.8–1.6)	1.0 (0.7–1.4)
Comorbidity score
No	15.6	Reference	Reference
Yes	22.0	1.5 (1.2–2.0)	1.3 (0.9–1.8)
Cigarette smoking status
Never smoker	15.3	Reference	Reference
Current smoker	24.8	1.8 (1.2–2.8)	1.4 (0.9–2.4)
Former smoker	18.2	1.2 (0.9–1.6)	1.0 (0.7–1.4)
Marital status
Married/living as married	17.3	Reference	Reference
Formerly married	17.2	1.0 (0.7–1.4)	0.9 (0.6–1.3)
Never married	25.0	1.6 (0.8–3.3)	1.6 (0.7–3.6)
Current occupation
Working	16.1	Reference	Reference
Homemaker	24.9	1.7 (1.1–2.6)	1.3 (0.7–1.9)
Unemployed	18.2	1.2 (0.2–5.4)	0.9 (0.2–4.7)
Retired	15.4	1.0 (0.7–1.3)	0.7 (0.5–1.0)
Disabled/extended sick leave	34.4	2.7 (1.3–5.9)	1.7 (0.7–3.9)
Other	21.6	1.4 (0.6–3.2)	1.0 (0.4–2.6)
Family history of a PLCO cancer
No	17.4	Reference	Reference
Yes	17.0	1.0 (0.7–1.3)	1.1 (0.8–1.5)
Possibly	24.4	1.5 (0.7–3.2)	1.8 (0.8–3.9)
Screening center***
Colorado	14.4	Reference	Reference
Henry Ford	30.6	2.6 (1.9–3.6)	0.5 (0.2–1.2)
Utah	8.7	0.6 (0.4–0.8)	0.5 (0.3–0.8)
Consent type
Single	11.3	Reference	Reference
Dual	36.6	4.5 (3.4–6.1)	7.4 (3.0–18.3)
Randomization year
1993–1994	14.0	0.5 (0.3–0.8)	0.5 (0.3–0.8)
1995–1996	24.6	Reference	Reference
1997–1998	12.8	0.5 (0.3–0.6)	1.0 (0.7–1.7)
1999–2000	12.9	0.5 (0.3–0.7)	1.2 (0.7–2.1)
2001	11.1	0.4 (0.1–1.7)	1.4 (0.2–7.9)
Distance
Tertile 1	14.2	Reference	Reference
Tertile 2	17.9	1.3 (0.9–1.9)	1.2 (0.8–1.8)
Tertile 3	20.4	1.5 (1.1–2.2)	1.4 (1.0–2.1)

^*Bolding indicates statistically significant ORs.

^**Adjusted for all covariates listed in table.

^***Complete names and locations of screening centers can be found in the Funding section of this manuscript.