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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 18.
Published in final edited form as: J Diabetes Complications. 2013 Jan 9;27(3):293–300. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.10.008

Table 1.

Patient characteristics and liver histology in diabetic patients undergoing liver biopsy.

Study N Patients Mean
Age		 Female
(%)		 BMI
(kg/m2)		 DM
Duration
(years)		 HTN
(%)		 HL
(%)		 ↑LFTs
(%)		 GGT
(%)		 NASH
(%)		 Fibrosis
(%)		 Cirrhosis
(%)		 Predictors for
NASH		 Predictors for fibrosis
Leite et al., 2011 Brazil 92 55.6 64 31.4 7.8 88 86 AST 14
ALT 16		 13 78 34–60 3 ↑Tg, ↓HDL, ↑ALT ↑GGT for any fibrosis + age, male sex for advanced
Prashanth et al., 2009 India 83 54.3 66 26.4 8.2 60 84 63 37.3 4 (stage 3 and 4) ↑ALT
Amarapurkar et al., 2006 India 36 50.8 47 24.9 80.6 30.5 ↑AST,↑ALT, ↑AST/ALT
Gupte et al., 2004 India 32 63 31 87 21.8, adv.9.3

ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HL, hyperlipidemia; HTN, hypertension; LFTs, liver function tests; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; Tg, triglycerides.

Advanced fibrosis refers to histological fibrosis stages 3 and 4.