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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 18.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2011 Jan 10;123(3):249–257. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.972166

Table 1.

Demographic and Dietary Characteristics of US Adolescents (12 to 18 y) by Intake of Added Sugars, NHANES 1999–2004*

Characteristics 0 – <10%
(n=318)		 10 –<15%
(n=377)		 15 – <20%
(n=440)		 20 –< 25%
(n=380)		 25 – <30%
(n=320)		 ≥30%
(n=417)		 p-linear
trend
Demographic mean or %SE mean or % SE mean or %SE mean or %SE mean or %SE mean or %SE
Age, mean years 14.8 ± 0.1 14.7 ± 0.1 15.1 ± 0.2 14.9 ± 0.1 15.2 ± 0.2 14.9 ± 0.2 0.11
Male, % 46.9% ± 3.3 50.0% ± 3.6 48.8% ± 3.3 53.5% ± 3.7 48.0% ± 3.3 47.4% ± 2.7 0.97
Race/ethnicity, %
  Non-Hispanice white, % 56.8% ± 4.1 64.7% ± 3.6 59.8% ± 2.9 67.3% ± 3.6 61.8% ± 2.4 0.623 ± 2.9 0.36
  Non-Hispanice black, % 14.6% ± 2.5 13.2% ± 1.9 14.6% ± 1.8 14.5% ± 2.2 14.2% ± 1.2 0.141 ± 1.8 0.83
  Hispanic, % 18.5% ± 5.4 18.1% ± 2.5 18.8% ± 2.6 13.1% ± 2.1 15.9% ± 1.8 0.145 ± 2.1 0.10
  Other, % 10.1% ± 2.7 3.9% ± 1.4 6.8% ± 1.9 5.1% ± 1.6 6.0% ± 2.0 0.091 ± 2.4 0.82
Physical activity (leisure time), mean MET minutes/month 12508 ± 1448 13869 ± 972 11374 ± 1014 13765 ± 1522 13094 ± 1617 10409 ± 700 0.33
Income (below poverty)e, % 28.0% ± 3.6 23.2% ± 2.6 24.0% ± 2.6 19.4% ± 2.8 25.9% ± 2.9 30.7% ± 3.4 0.19
Dietary
Total calories, mean kcal/day 2057 ± 71 2302 ± 58 2342 ± 58 2357 ± 49 2289 ± 66 2068 ± 59 0.95
Carbohydrates
  total carbohydrates, % energy 46.9% ± 1 50.3% ± 0.6 52.8% ± 0.5 55.1% ± 0.7 57.5% ± 0.6 64.9% ± 0.6 <0.001
  total carbohydrates, mean g 239 ± 7.8 286 ± 6.5 306 ± 8.2 324 ± 7.6 326 ± 9.2 333 ± 10 <0.001
    -added sugar, mean g 308 ± 1.5 73.4 ± 2 103 ± 2.5 133 ± 3 157 ± 4.5 199 ± 7.9 <0.001
Fiber, mean g 14.9 ± 0.6 14.7 ± 0.4 15.1 ± 0.6 13.6 ± 0.5 11.7 ± 0.4 9.7 ± 0.3 <0.001
Protein
  total protein, % energy 17.0% ± 0.4 15.3% ± 0.3 14.0% ± 0.2 13.3% ± 0.3 12.4% ± 0.3 10.4% ± 0.2 <0.001
   total protein, mean g 86.5 ± 3.5 88.3 ± 2.5 81.7 ± 2.3 78.3 ± 2.5 71.8 ± 3.2 53.5 ± 1.8 <0.001
Fats
  total fats, % total energy 36.3% ± 0.7 34.9% ± 0.6 33.8% ± 0.5 32.5% ± 0.6 31.2% ± 0.4 26.2% ± 0.4 <0.001
  total fats, mean g 84.7 ± 4.1 90.1 ± 3.1 89.1 ± 2.5 85.4 ± 2.4 80.5 ± 2.9 61.3 ± 2.2 <0.001
    -MUFAs, % energy 13.4% ± 0.3 13.2% ± 0.3 12.8% ± 0.2 12.4% ± 0.2 11.9% ± 0.2 9.9% ± 0.2 <0.001
    -MUFAs, mean g 31.6 ± 1.5 34.1 ± 1.3 33.9 ± 1.0 32.4 ± 1.0 30.6 ± 1.1 23.3 ± 0.8 <0.001
    -PUFAs, % energy 7.1% ± 0.3 7.0% ± 0.3 6.7% ± 0.2 6.4% ± 0.2 6.1% ± 0.2 5.1% ± 0.2 <0.001
    -PUFAs, mean g 16.4 ± 1.1 17.7 ± 0.8 17.8 ± 0.8 16.6 ± 0.6 15.4 ± 0.7 12 ± 0.7 <0.001
    -SFAs, % energy 12.8% ± 0.3 11.9% ± 0.2 11.6% ± 0.2 11.3% ± 0.3 10.9% ± 0.2 9.1% ± 0.2 <0.001
    -SFAs, mean g 30.0 ± 1.6 31.2 ± 1.2 30.6 ± 0.9 29.8 ± 1.0 28.3 ± 1.2 21.4 ± 0.7 <0.001
Cholesterol intake, mean g 260 ± 17 286 ± 15 249 ± 8 252 ± 16 248 ± 23 168 ± 9.4 <0.001

Abbreviations: y=year; NHANES=National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; kcal=kilocalories; %=percent; SE=standard error; % energy= % total enery intake; MUFAs=mono-unsaturated fatty acids; PUFAs=poly-unsaturated fatty acids; SFAs=saturated fatty acids

*

All results are adjusted to account for the complex sampling method used by NHANES and weighted to be representative of the U.S. population

†

Analysis of contrasts used to test trends using X2 for categorical variables and Wald F tests for continuous variables