Fig. 8.

Schematic overview of the single-particle approach utilized for the analysis of Dam1 spirals. Helical segments are boxed, preprocessed to remove the microtubule, and then aligned and classified to reduce heterogeneity. Two-dimensional averages can then be used to estimate helical symmetry and create an initial model for refinement by single-particle methods (adapted from Fig. 5 in Ramey et al., 2009).