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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 20.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2014 Jul 31;83(4):975–988. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.07.001

FIGURE 5. Local energy failure results in local depolarization and a hyperexcitability.

FIGURE 5

(A) Morphology of the model with a 100 mm axon. “R” is for recording and shows where the measurements are made from.(B) We imposed values of [ATP]ss that decrease from 0.1 to 0.001 mM with distance down the axon.(C) Initially, depolarization of the soma triggers APs that travel from the soma to the distal axon (anterograde). Over time, instability arises, leading to distal depolarization and distally generated APs that travel back toward the soma (retrograde). When both ends (soma and distal) are firing, collisions occur (collision). (D) Over a longer time scale, repeated depolarization leads to AP block in the distal axon (green line) and depolarization of the soma (black line).(E) The cumulative ATP deficit (ΔATP) along the axonal length is positive distally but, for a time at least, the soma can remain balanced with ΔATP near zero.