Table 1.
Characteristics of the Subgroup of Patients Who Underwent Surgery in 2005 and 2006
| Characteristic | No. (%) | Absolute Standardized Difference, % | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consultation (n = 16 167) | No Consultation (n = 73 650) | |||
| Age | ||||
| Mean (SD), y | 76.7 (6.2) | 76.1 (6.2) | 10.6 | <.001 |
| No. (%) | ||||
| 66–74 y | 6169 (38.2) | 31 816 (43.2) | 10.3 | <.001 |
| 75–84 y | 8164 (50.5) | 34 513 (46.9) | 7.3 | |
| ≥85 y | 1834 (11.3) | 7321 (9.9) | 4.6 | |
| Female sex | 10 049 (62.2) | 45 032 (61.1) | 2.1 | .02 |
| African American race | 718 (4.4) | 4484 (6.1) | 7.4 | <.001 |
| Rural-urban status | ||||
| Isolated rural town | 725 (4.5) | 5332 (7.2) | 11.7 | <.001 |
| Small rural town | 691 (4.3) | 6436 (8.7) | 18.2 | |
| Large rural city | 1634 (10.1) | 10 401 (14.2) | 12.3 | |
| Urban | 12 821 (79.3) | 51 108 (69.4) | 22.8 | |
| Unknown | 296 (1.8) | 373 (0.5) | 12.3 | |
| Comorbid disease | ||||
| Ischemic heart disease | 4690 (29.0) | 20 175 (27.4) | 3.6 | <.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2056 (12.7) | 8637 (11.7) | 3.0 | <.001 |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 744 (4.6) | 3160 (4.3) | 1.5 | .08 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1864 (11.5) | 7874 (10.7) | 2.7 | .002 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4505 (27.9) | 19 600 (26.6) | 2.8 | .001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2591 (16) | 10 241 (13.9) | 6.0 | <.001 |
| Dementia | 354 (2.2) | 1633 (2.2) | 0.2 | .82 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 3447 (21.3) | 15 093 (20.5) | 2.0 | .02 |
| Rheumatic disease | 823 (5.1) | 3073 (4.2) | 4.4 | <.001 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 263 (1.6) | 1250 (1.7) | 0.6 | .52 |
| Liver disease | 503 (3.1) | 2075 (2.8) | 1.7 | .04 |
| Paraplegia or hemiplegia | 100 (0.6) | 528 (0.7) | 1.2 | .17 |
| Cancer | ||||
| Primary malignancy | 2363 (14.6) | 9680 (13.1) | 4.3 | <.001 |
| Metastatic disease | 225 (1.4) | 815 (1.1) | 2.6 | .002 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Indexa | ||||
| 0 | 5426 (33.6) | 26 728 (36.3) | 5.7 | <.001 |
| 1 | 3828 (23.7) | 17 621 (23.9) | 0.6 | |
| 2 | 2594 (16.0) | 11 667 (15.8) | 0.6 | |
| 3 | 1801 (11.1) | 7930 (10.8) | 1.2 | |
| 4 | 1010 (6.2) | 4035 (5.5) | 3.3 | |
| ≥5 | 1508 (9.3) | 5669 (7.7) | 5.8 | |
| Revised Cardiac Risk Index | ||||
| 0 | 7629 (47.2) | 36 168 (49.1) | 3.8 | <.001 |
| 1 | 4860 (30.1) | 22 056 (29.9) | 0.2 | |
| 2 | 2394 (14.8) | 10 353 (14.1) | 2.1 | |
| ≥3 | 1284 (7.9) | 5073 (6.9) | 4.0 | |
| Surgical facility | ||||
| Ambulatory surgical center | 8277 (51.2) | 40 077 (54.4) | 6.5 | <.001 |
| Office | 1044 (6.5) | 7205 (9.8) | 12.2 | |
| Inpatient hospital | 57 (0.4) | 100 (0.1) | 4.4 | |
| Outpatient hospital | 6764 (41.8) | 26 203 (35.6) | 12.9 | |
| Unknown | 25 (0.2) | 65 (0.1) | 1.9 | |
| Anesthesia provider | ||||
| Non–medically directed CRNA | 3192 (19.7) | 23 460 (31.9) | 27.9 | <.001 |
| Medically directed CRNA | 5365 (33.2) | 18 525 (25.2) | 17.7 | |
| Anesthesiologist | 6368 (39.4) | 22 690 (30.8) | 18.1 | |
| Unknown | 1242 (7.7) | 8975 (12.2) | 15.1 | |
| Geographic regionb | ||||
| South | 4292 (26.5) | 31 605 (42.9) | 34.9 | <.001 |
| West | 1605 (9.9) | 12 364 (16.8) | 20.3 | |
| Midwest | 4536 (28.1) | 18 796 (25.5) | 5.7 | |
| Northeast | 5395 (33.4) | 10 274 (13.9) | 46.9 | |
| Unknown | 339 (2.1) | 611 (0.8) | 10.6 | |
Abbreviation: CRNA, certified registered nurse anesthetist.
Charlson Comorbidity Index is calculated using the Quan et al8 modification of this index.
Northeast includes Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Midwest includes Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; South includes Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington DC, and West Virginia; West includes Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.