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Model proposed by Rakoff-Nahoum et al[30]. Competent TLR4/TLR2/Myd88 pathway is physiologically activated by commensal micro-organisms and maintains epithelial homeostasis (A). Deficiency in TLR4/TLR2/Myd88 signal determines increased epithelial vulnerability and bacterial translocation with chronic colitis and cancer development (B). IECs: Intestinal epithelial cells; TLR: Toll-like receptor; CRC: Colorectal cancer; IL-6: Interleukin-6; MyD88: Myeloiddifferentiationfactor88.
