Table 1.

Biosensor techniques discussed in this review

Detection target	Characteristics of biosensor	Detection limit	Ref.
HBsAg	Nanorods biosensor	0.01 IU/mL	[23]
HBsAb	QCM	0.1 pg/μL	[43]
	SAW	10 pg/μL	[53]
	SPR	10 nmol/L	[9]
HBV DNA	Electrochemical biosensor	7.19 × 10-9 mol /L	[30]
		1.94 × 10-8 mol /L	[31]
		1.77 × 10-14 mol /L	[32]
		2.5 × 10-6 mol /L	[36]
	QCM	8.6 × 10-12 g/L	[39]
		1.77 × 10-14 mol/L	[45]
		2 × 10-8 g/L	[40]
	Microcantilever biosensor	10-12 mol/L	[50]
		2.31 × 10-14 mol/L	[51]
	SPR	2 × 10-12 g/L	[58]

HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HBsAb: Hepatitis B surface antibody; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; QCM: Quartz crystal microbalance; SAW: Surface acoustic wave; SPR: Surface plasmon resonance.