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. 2014 Sep 3;2014:982121. doi: 10.1155/2014/982121

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Copyright © 2014 Yueh-Ling Hsieh et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Alterations of substance P (SP) levels at superficial laminae of T2-T5 after one-(1D) and five-dosage (5D) of dry needling at gastrocnemius in experimental (1D and 5D groups) and sham-operated groups (s1D and s5D groups). The representative photomicrographs indicate immunohistochemical labeling for SP in ipsilateral dorsal horns of lumbosacral spinal cords at the timepoints immediately (a) and 5 days (b) after dry needling. Histograms indicate the quantitative analysis of SP immunoreactivity in ipsilateral and contralateral spinal cords (c). ∗ represents significant difference (P < .05) compared with sham-operated groups (s1D and s5D). # represents significant difference (P < .05) between 1D and 5D groups (scale bar = 100 μm).