Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the study population
| Women (n=168) | Men (n=67) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | P 5, P 95 | Median | P 5, P 95 | pa | |
| Age (years) | 75.5 | 68.0–87.0 | 76.0 | 68.8–85.6 | 0.359 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.9 | 21.1–35.2 | 26.5 | 22.9–32.9 | 0.844 |
| Total body fat (%) | 42.8 | 32.4–50.8 | 28.9 | 21.2–42.4 | <0.0001 |
| 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 (nmol/L) | 62.6 | 38.8–91.9 | 65.6 | 38.9–91.4 | 0.234 |
| Vitamin D intake (µg/day) | 3.0 | 0.4–10.6 | 3.2 | 0.8–15.8 | 0.243 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1,829 | 1,072–2,907 | 2,124 | 1,417–3,320 | <0.0001 |
| Fat intake (g/day) | 65.5 | 33.8–115.6 | 71.0 | 47.2–140.4 | 0.010 |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) | 0.4 | 0.0–19.4 | 5.1 | 0.0–28.9 | <0.0001 |
| Physical activity level | 1.6 | 1.4–2.0 | 1.6 | 1.4–1.9 | 0.095 |
| Vitamin D supplement user (n, %) | 30 (17.9) | 4 (6.0) | 0.023 | ||
| Current or ex-smokers (n, %) | 39 (23.5) | 47 (70.1) | <0.0001 | ||
| Household income ≥1,500 €/month (n, %) | 71 (51.4) | 44 (78.6) | <0.001 | ||
a
Mann–Whitney U test, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test for analysing sex differences; missing data were present on total body fat (n=5), physical activity level (n=26), smoking behaviour (n=2), and monthly household net income (n=41).