TABLE 2. Cesarean Delivery Rate by Year of Survey and Background Characteristics, Weighted Percentages.
| Characteristics | 2002 | 2007 | 2012 | |||||
| % | P Value | % | P Value | % | P Value | Percentage Point Differencea | P Value for Trendb | |
| Overall Rate | 18.2 | 20.1 | 30.3 | |||||
| Age, y | .001 | <.001 | <.001 | .53 | ||||
| 15–19 | 14.5 | 20.3 | 22.2 | 7.7 | ||||
| 20–24 | 14.6 | 11.1 | 25.2 | 10.6 | ||||
| 25–29 | 15.5 | 16.9 | 28.0 | 12.5 | ||||
| ≥ 30 | 20.5 | 24.0 | 32.8 | 12.3 | ||||
| Place of Residence | .33 | .45 | .12 | .74 | ||||
| Urban | 18.6 | 20.3 | 30.7 | 12.1 | ||||
| Rural | 17.0 | 19.2 | 28.4 | 11.4 | ||||
| Geographic Region | .008 | .18 | .06 | .37 | ||||
| Central | 19.7 | 20.2 | 31.2 | 11.5 | ||||
| North | 15.1 | 19.1 | 28.2 | 13.1 | ||||
| South | 17.3 | 22.7 | 30.9 | 13.6 | ||||
| Mother's Education | .01 | .001 | <.001 | .75 | ||||
| No education | 22.0 | 24.5 | 23.5 | 1.5 | ||||
| Primary | 23.1 | 24.9 | 40.2 | 17.1 | ||||
| Secondary | 16.6 | 18.6 | 29.0 | 12.4 | ||||
| Higher | 19.9 | 22.0 | 31.3 | 11.4 | ||||
| Partner's Education | .13 | .44 | <.001 | .48 | ||||
| No education | 23.1 | 20.7 | 28.8 | 5.7 | ||||
| Primary | 16.9 | 21.5 | 33.0 | 16.1 | ||||
| Secondary | 17.3 | 19.4 | 28.1 | 10.8 | ||||
| Higher | 20.3 | 20.9 | 34.6 | 14.3 | ||||
| Employment | .02 | <.001 | <.001 | .02 | ||||
| Unemployed | 17.7 | 19.4 | 28.5 | 10.8 | ||||
| Employed | 22.6 | 24.8 | 40.1 | 17.5 | ||||
| Place of Delivery | .004 | .005 | .02 | .53 | ||||
| Public sector | 16.8 | 19.0 | 29.4 | 12.6 | ||||
| Private sector | 20.8 | 22.0 | 32.2 | 11.4 | ||||
| Wealth Index | .18 | <.001 | <.001 | .47 | ||||
| Poorest | 17.4 | 17.0 | 28.8 | 11.4 | ||||
| Poorer | 16.3 | 17.1 | 25.4 | 9.1 | ||||
| Middle | 18.1 | 19.2 | 33.3 | 15.2 | ||||
| Richer | 20.0 | 24.0 | 31.0 | 11.0 | ||||
| Richest | 21.1 | 26.5 | 34.0 | 12.9 | ||||
| Parity in Last 5 Years | <.001 | .02 | .01 | .01 | ||||
| 1 | 20.1 | 21.3 | 30.0 | 9.9 | ||||
| 2 | 14.8 | 18.5 | 29.5 | 14.7 | ||||
| ≥ 3 | 20.6 | 18.4 | 36.6 | 16.0 | ||||
| Age at First Birth, y | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| 12–18 | 16.9 | 16.8 | 24.3 | 7.4 | ||||
| 19–24 | 16.7 | 17.0 | 27.0 | 10.3 | ||||
| 25–30 | 20.3 | 28.2 | 34.5 | 14.2 | ||||
| > 30 | 43.9 | 38.5 | 66.9 | 23.0 | ||||
| Birth Weight, g | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | .85 | ||||
| Normal (2500–3999) | 16.3 | 18.1 | 28.4 | 12.1 | ||||
| Low/High (< 2500 or ≥ 4000) | 24.2 | 27.1 | 36.6 | 12.4 | ||||
| Birth Multiplicity | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Singleton birth | 17.3 | 19.3 | 29.5 | 12.2 | ||||
| Multiple birth | 60.0 | 59.3 | 65.7 | 5.7 | ||||
a
Percentage point difference between 2002 and 2012.
b
P value for the trend was obtained from logistic regression models by using outcome and explanatory variables as continuous variables and including interaction terms between survey year and each tested explanatory variable for the years 2002 and 2012.