Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients divided into groups according to presence or absence of nutritional depletion
| Nutritional depletion (n=86) |
No nutritional depletion (n=148) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men, n (%) | 53 (62) | 103 (70) | 0.25 |
| Age, years* | 69 (47–85) | 68 (43–88) | 0.35 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 30 (35) | 44 (30) | 0.47 |
| Ex-smokers, n (%) | 55 (64) | 102 (69) | 0.47 |
| Pack-year history† | 48 (31–62) | 44 (31–58) | 0.24 |
| Exacerbations in preceding year* | 3 (1–10) | 3 (1–12) | 0.51 |
| Weight (kg)* | 63.4 (38.9–84.9) | 83.2 (53.5–121.1) | <0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2)* | 22.7 (16.0–32.3) | 29.5 (21.6–51.3) | <0.01 |
| FFM, kg* | 42.8 (29.3–55.9) | 52.8 (33.6–80.0) | <0.01 |
| FFMI (kg/m2)* | 15.2 (12.9–18.1) | 18.6 (15.1–28.3) | <0.01 |
| FEV1 (L)‡ | 1.17 (0.05) | 1.41 (0.05) | <0.01 |
| FEV1 % predicted‡ | 47 (2) | 54 (2) | <0.01 |
| FEV1/FVC (%)‡ | 49 (1) | 53 (1) | 0.02 |
| RV (% predicted) | 142 (5) | 135 (4) | 0.26 |
| TLC (% predicted) | 108 (2) | 108 (3) | 0.98 |
| DLCO (% predicted) | 46 (2) | 62 (2) | <0.01 |
| CRQ total (units) | 3.99 (0.12) | 4.16 (0.09) | 0.26 |
| Blood white cell count, ×109/L§ | 8.6 (8.0–9.1) | 7.7 (7.4–8.1) | <0.01 |
| Blood neutrophils, ×109/L§ | 5.7 (5.3–6.1) | 4.8 (4.6–5.1) | <0.01 |
| Blood eosinophils, ×109/L§ | 0.21 (0.18–0.24) | 0.22 (0.20–0.24) | 0.54 |
| CRP, mg/L† | 3 (3–9) | 3 (3–11) | 0.58 |
| Sputum total cell count, ×106 cells/g§ | 3.9 (2.8–5.3) | 3.0 (2.4–3.7) | 0.19 |
| Sputum neutrophils (%) | 71 (3) | 65 (2) | 0.16 |
| Sputum neutrophil count, ×106 cells/g§ | 2.6 (1.7–3.8) | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) | 0.11 |
| Sputum eosinophils (%)§ | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.62 |
| Sputum culture positive for pathogen, % | 38 | 29 | 0.33 |
| Colony-forming units ×107/mL sputum§ | 1.4 (0.7–2.6) | 1.3(0.8–1.9) | 0.83 |
| Bacterial 16S genome copies ×108/mL | 2.3 (1.1–4.6) | 2.6 (1.6–4.1) | 0.77 |
Notes: Data expressed as mean (SEM) unless otherwise stated.
Mean (range);
median (interquartile range);
postbronchodilator;
geometric mean (95% confidence interval). Pathogens included Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nutritional depletion defined as BMI <21 kg/m2 and/or FFMI <15 or <17 kg/m2 in women and men, respectively.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CRP, C reactive protein; CRQ, Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire; DLCO, total lung carbon monoxide transfer factor; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FFM, fat-free mass; FFMI, fat-free mass index; FVC, forced vital capacity; RV, residual volume; TLC, total lung capacity; SEM, standard error of the mean.