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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 19.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Sports Med. 2012 Apr 26;40(7):1673–1681. doi: 10.1177/0363546512442307

TABLE 1.

Summary of Studies Comparing Tibial Slope in Uninjured and ACL-Injured Subjectsa

Author(s) Study Design (Level of Evidence) Patient Groups Imaging Mode Blinded Analysts Tibial Anatomic Measurements Specified Noncontact
Stijak et al38 Case-control study (level III) ACL: n = 33 (21 male, 12 female)
CTL: n = 33 (21 male, 12 female)b
Sagittal MRIc Not specified MTPS, LTPS No
Bisson and Gurske-DePerio3 Retrospective case-control study (level III) ACL: n = 40 (20 male, 20 female)
CTL: n = 40 (20 male, 20 female)
Axial and parasagittal MRI Not specified MTPS, LTPS, AP-LTPD, AP-MTPD Yes
Hashemi et al13 Case-control study (level III) ACL: n = 49 (22 male, 27 female)
CTL: n = 55 (22 male, 33 female)
Sagittal MRI Yes MTPS, LTPS, MPCD, CTS No
Simon et al36 Retrospective case-control study (level III) ACL: n = 27 (17 male, 10 female)
CTL: n = 27 (17 male, 10 female)
3D-SPGR axial and sagittal MRI Not specified MTPS, LTPS Yes
Hudek et al18 Prognostic study (level II) ACL: n = 55 (24 male, 31 female)
CTL: n = 55 (24 male, 31 female)b
Sagittal MRId Not specified MTPS, LTPS, MMS, LMS Yes
Khan et al22 Retrospective case-control study (level III) ACL: n = 73 (53 male, 20 female)
CTL: n = 51 (32 male, 19 female)
Sagittal MRI Yes MTPS, LTPS, MPCD No
Terauchi et al38 Cross-sectional study (level III) ACL: n = 77 (33 male, 40 female)
CTL: n = 58 (28 male, 30 female)
T2-weighted sagittal MRI Not specified MTPS Yes
Meister et al26 Retrospective cohort study (level III) ACL: n = 49 (50 knees)
CTL: n = 39 (50 knees)b
Lateral radiograph Not specified MTPS-R Yes
Brandon et al4 Prognostic case-control study (level III) ACL: n = 100 (66 male, 34 female)
CTL: n = 100 (49 male, 51 female)b
Lateral radiograph Yes MTPS-R Yes
Todd et al40 Case-control study (level III) ACL: n = 140 (95 male, 45 female)
CTL: n = 179 (126 male, 53 female)b
Lateral radiograph 2 analysts (1 blinded, 1 not) MTPS-R Yes
Hohmann et al17 Case-control study (level III) ACL: n = 272 (199 male, 73 female)
CTL: n = 272 (199 male, 73 female)
Lateral radiograph Yes NS-PTS Yes
Şenişik et al33 Prospective, longitudinal, controlled cohort study (level II) ACL: 11 male
CTL: 53 uninjured male elite soccer players Sedentary CTL: 45 nonactive male
Lateral radiograph Not specified if measured before injury MTPS-R Yes
Sonnery-Cottet et al37 Retrospective case-control study (level III) ACL: n = 50 (35 male, 15 female)
CTL: n = 50 (35 male, 15 female)
Lateral radiograph Not specified MTPS-R No
Vyas et al41 Retrospective cohort study (level III) Teenagers with open physes (55% male, 45% female)
ACL: n = 16
CTL: n = 23
Lateral + anteroposterior radiograph Yes MTPS-R, LTPS-R No
a

ACL, anterior cruciate ligament; CTL, control; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MTPS, medial tibial plateau slope; LTPS, lateral tibial plateau slope; 3D-SPGR, 3-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled echo; AP-LTPD, anterior-posterior lateral tibial plateau depth; AP-MTPD, anterior-posterior medial tibial plateau depth; MPCD, medial tibial plateau concave depth; CTS, coronal plane tibial slope; MMS, medial meniscal slope; LMS, lateral meniscal slope; MTPS-R, medial tibial plateau slope (radiographic); NS-PTS, nonspecified (medial or lateral) posterior tibial slope; LTPS-R, lateral tibial plateau slope (radiographic).

b

Patellofemoral pain syndrome/anterior knee pain control group.

c

Proximal tibial anatomic axis determined on lateral radiographs and anatomic measurements on MRI.

d

Parameters available in article.