TABLE 1.
Author(s) | Study Design (Level of Evidence) | Patient Groups | Imaging Mode | Blinded Analysts | Tibial Anatomic Measurements | Specified Noncontact |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stijak et al38 | Case-control study (level III) | ACL: n = 33 (21 male, 12 female) CTL: n = 33 (21 male, 12 female)b |
Sagittal MRIc | Not specified | MTPS, LTPS | No |
Bisson and Gurske-DePerio3 | Retrospective case-control study (level III) | ACL: n = 40 (20 male, 20 female) CTL: n = 40 (20 male, 20 female) |
Axial and parasagittal MRI | Not specified | MTPS, LTPS, AP-LTPD, AP-MTPD | Yes |
Hashemi et al13 | Case-control study (level III) | ACL: n = 49 (22 male, 27 female) CTL: n = 55 (22 male, 33 female) |
Sagittal MRI | Yes | MTPS, LTPS, MPCD, CTS | No |
Simon et al36 | Retrospective case-control study (level III) | ACL: n = 27 (17 male, 10 female) CTL: n = 27 (17 male, 10 female) |
3D-SPGR axial and sagittal MRI | Not specified | MTPS, LTPS | Yes |
Hudek et al18 | Prognostic study (level II) | ACL: n = 55 (24 male, 31 female) CTL: n = 55 (24 male, 31 female)b |
Sagittal MRId | Not specified | MTPS, LTPS, MMS, LMS | Yes |
Khan et al22 | Retrospective case-control study (level III) | ACL: n = 73 (53 male, 20 female) CTL: n = 51 (32 male, 19 female) |
Sagittal MRI | Yes | MTPS, LTPS, MPCD | No |
Terauchi et al38 | Cross-sectional study (level III) | ACL: n = 77 (33 male, 40 female) CTL: n = 58 (28 male, 30 female) |
T2-weighted sagittal MRI | Not specified | MTPS | Yes |
Meister et al26 | Retrospective cohort study (level III) | ACL: n = 49 (50 knees) CTL: n = 39 (50 knees)b |
Lateral radiograph | Not specified | MTPS-R | Yes |
Brandon et al4 | Prognostic case-control study (level III) | ACL: n = 100 (66 male, 34 female) CTL: n = 100 (49 male, 51 female)b |
Lateral radiograph | Yes | MTPS-R | Yes |
Todd et al40 | Case-control study (level III) | ACL: n = 140 (95 male, 45 female) CTL: n = 179 (126 male, 53 female)b |
Lateral radiograph | 2 analysts (1 blinded, 1 not) | MTPS-R | Yes |
Hohmann et al17 | Case-control study (level III) | ACL: n = 272 (199 male, 73 female) CTL: n = 272 (199 male, 73 female) |
Lateral radiograph | Yes | NS-PTS | Yes |
Şenişik et al33 | Prospective, longitudinal, controlled cohort study (level II) | ACL: 11 male CTL: 53 uninjured male elite soccer players Sedentary CTL: 45 nonactive male |
Lateral radiograph | Not specified if measured before injury | MTPS-R | Yes |
Sonnery-Cottet et al37 | Retrospective case-control study (level III) | ACL: n = 50 (35 male, 15 female) CTL: n = 50 (35 male, 15 female) |
Lateral radiograph | Not specified | MTPS-R | No |
Vyas et al41 | Retrospective cohort study (level III) | Teenagers with open physes (55% male, 45% female) ACL: n = 16 CTL: n = 23 |
Lateral + anteroposterior radiograph | Yes | MTPS-R, LTPS-R | No |
ACL, anterior cruciate ligament; CTL, control; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MTPS, medial tibial plateau slope; LTPS, lateral tibial plateau slope; 3D-SPGR, 3-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled echo; AP-LTPD, anterior-posterior lateral tibial plateau depth; AP-MTPD, anterior-posterior medial tibial plateau depth; MPCD, medial tibial plateau concave depth; CTS, coronal plane tibial slope; MMS, medial meniscal slope; LMS, lateral meniscal slope; MTPS-R, medial tibial plateau slope (radiographic); NS-PTS, nonspecified (medial or lateral) posterior tibial slope; LTPS-R, lateral tibial plateau slope (radiographic).
Patellofemoral pain syndrome/anterior knee pain control group.
Proximal tibial anatomic axis determined on lateral radiographs and anatomic measurements on MRI.
Parameters available in article.