Table 1.
Age, Sex-Standardized Prevalence of Age-Related Eye Diseases by Race/Ethnicity among Adults Aged 40 Years or Older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and NHANES 2005–2008 a
| Diabetic Retinopathy | Age-Related Macular Degeneration | Glaucoma | Cataract Surgery | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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| NHANES III | NHANES 2005–2008 | NHANES III | NHANES 2005–2008 | NHANES III b | NHANES 2005–2008 | NHANES III | NHANES 2005–2008 | |||||||||
| % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | % | 95%CI | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 1.9 | (1.3–2.6) | 3.2 | (2.5–4.2) | 12.9 | (11.5–14.4) | 8.3 | (7.0–9.8) | N/A | N/A | 6.9 | (5.9–8.0) | 19.3 | (17.6–21.1) | 18.4 | (16.8–20.1) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 4.9 | (3.9–6.0) | 8.7 | (6.6–11.5) | 9.9 | (8.1–11.9) | 3.1 | (1.9–4.9) | N/A | N/A | 11.5 | (9.6–13.8) | 16.4 | (14.5–18.4) | 13.5 | (11.3–16.1) |
| Mexican American | 6.8 | (4.6–10.0) | 5.0 | (3.1–7.8) | 10.4 | (7.9–13.6) | 9.8 | (6.5–14.3) | N/A | N/A | 6.5 | (4.5–9.3) | 20.5 | (18.6–22.6) | 16.4 | (13.2–20.2) |
|
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| P, White vs. Black | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.017 | <0.001 | N/A | <0.001 | 0.018 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| P, White vs. Mexican | 0.001 | 0.136 | 0.072 | 0.449 | N/A | 0.757 | 0.283 | 0.274 | ||||||||
| P, Black vs. Mexican | 0.17 | 0.068 | 0.756 | 0.003 | N/A | 0.006 | 0.002 | 0.182 | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||||
| <HIGH SCHOOL | 2.8 | (2.2–3.6) | 6.9 | (5.1–9.2) | 12.8 | (11.2–14.6) | 6.7 | (5.1–9.1) | N/A | N/A | 8.2 | (6.7–9.8) | 19.5 | (17.8–21.4) | 19.1 | (16.3–22.3) |
| HIGH SCHOOL | 3.0 | (2.0–4.4) | 3.5 | (2.3–5.2) | 11.7 | (9.8–14.0) | 7.9 | (5.8–10.5) | N/A | N/A | 7.0 | (5.0–9.7) | 17.8 | (14.7–21.3) | 17.1 | (14.7–19.9) |
| >HIGH SCHOOL | 1.1 | (0.6–2.0) | 2.7 | (2.1–3.6) | 13.6 | (11.5–16.0) | 8.3 | (6.7–10.2) | N/A | N/A | 7.1 | (5.7–8.7) | 20.0 | (17.6–22.7) | 17.5 | (15.7–19.4) |
| P, <HS vs. >HS | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.490 | 0.210 | N/A | 0.397 | 0.763 | 0.309 | ||||||||
|
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| PIR <1.00 | 2.4 | (1.6–3.5) | 5.1 | (3.4–7.8) | 17.9 | (13.8–23.0) | 10.4 | (7.6–14.1) | N/A | N/A | 7.4 | (5.9–9.1) | 17.2 | (14.2–20.6) | 16.7 | (13.7–20.3) |
| 1.00–1.99 | 2.6 | (1.7–3.8) | 4.8 | (3.3–6.9) | 12.1 | (10.2–14.2) | 7.1 | (5.1–9.8) | N/A | N/A | 8.3 | (7.0–9.8) | 21.1 | (19.1–23.4) | 21.3 | (19.0–23.6) |
| 2.00–3.99 | 2.2 | (1.3–3.6) | 3.8 | (2.5–5.7) | 13 | (10.9–15.5) | 8.3 | (6.9–10.1) | N/A | N/A | 7.8 | (5.6–10.8) | 17.5 | (15.1–20.1) | 18.5 | (16.4–20.8) |
| > = 4.00 | 1.9 | (1.1–3.2) | 2.2 | (1.4–3.5) | 11.5 | (9.6–13.7) | 6.8 | (5.0–9.2) | N/A | N/A | 6.1 | (4.4–8.4) | 19.7 | (17.3–22.3) | 14.0 | (11.4–17.0) |
| PIR < 1.00 vs. > = 4.00 | 0.405 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.057 | N/A | 0.394 | 0.23 | 0.116 | ||||||||
Abbreviations: PIR, Poverty Income Ratio. PIR is an index of total income assessed in relation to federal poverty thresholds that vary by family size and composition. A PIR score of 1.00 is defined as the official federal poverty threshold level.
a
n = 5,704 in NHANES III (1988–94); n = 8,202 in NHANES 2005–2008.
b
Data related to glaucoma were not available from NHANES III.