Cardiac phenotype in 18 day old MCD−/− mice. (A, B) Post-mortem hypertrophy indices (MCD+/+ n = 27, MCD+/− n = 33, MCD−/− n = 17). (C) Hypertrophy marker mRNA levels. (D) Representative parasternal long-axis echocardiogram from 18 day old MCD−/− mouse. (E-G) Echocardiography analysis of cardiac function [(n = 10, 3male/7female)]. *** denotes P < 0.001, and * denotes P < 0.05 compared to MCD+/+. ##P < 0.001 versus MCD+/−, #P < 0.05 versus MCD+/−.