Table 4.

Behavioral changes over 12 weeks.

Variables	Recommendations	Pre-test	Post-test	p-value	Effect size
Physical activity	≥ 10 METs-hour/week	14.1±14.0 (Median : 8.4)	37.3±39.0 (Median :17.1)	.035	0.80
Dietary habits	2010 Dietary Guidelines a
† Total calorie intakes (Kcal)	1800–2000Kcal for women; 2400–2600Kcal for men	1623.1±658.7	1497.1 ± 500.8	.58	−0.22
% of carbohydrate of total calorie intake	45–65%	54.4 ± 6.8	51.8 ±7.5	.05	−0.37
% of protein of total calorie intake	10–35%	17.8 ± 3.6	19.7 ±3.8	.08	0.52
% of total fat of total calorie intakes	20–35%	29.2 ± 5.3	29.7 ± 6.6	.72	0.09
% of saturated fat of total calorie intake	<10%	9.7 ± 2.1	9.2 ± 2.2	.39	−0.23
Cholesterol (mg)	< 300mg	220.5 ± 114.7	241.2 ± 95.7	.58	0.20
Transfat	0	2.1 ± 1.3	1.5 ± 0.5	.13	−0.59
Calcium	1000mg	767.6 ± 302.9	704.6 ± 347.3	.55	−0.19
§§ Fruit	1 &1/2–2 cups	1.7 ± 1.0	1.5 ± 0.9	.51	−0.21
§§ Vegetables	2& 1/2–3 cups	3.2 ± 1.7	3.6 ± 1.9	.59	0.23
Dietary fiber (g)	14g/1000 Kcal	19.5 ± 8.1	19.1±8.4	.90	−0.05
§ Sodium (mg)	< 2300mg/day	1857.5 ± 864.0	1665.6 ± 605.5	.51	−0.26
††Added sugar (g)	< 25g for women; < 37.5g for men	47.4 ± 23.7	39.5 ± 17.0	.24	−0.39

^a2010 dietary guidelines for American.

^bAHA recommendation for added sugar ³¹

^†Calorie intakes for sedentary individuals ages 19–30

^§2300 mg/day is the tolerable upper intake level; 1500mg/day is adequate intake for individuals ages 9 years and older.

^§§Based on 1,800–2,600 Kcal/day