Figure 3. Characterization of monocyte subsets in malaria patients.

(A) Representative dot plots showing the gate strategy for the identification of CD14⁺CD16⁻ (green gate), CD14⁺CD16⁺ (red gate), CD14^loCD16⁺ (blue gate) monocyte subsets. CD14⁺CD16⁻, CD14⁺CD16⁺ and CD14^loCD16⁺ monocytes are represented by green, red and blue symbols. (B) Frequencies of CD14⁺CD16⁻, CD14⁺CD16⁺ and CD14^lo monocytes within PBMC from P. vivax-infected patients before (BT, filled symbols) and 30–45 days after treatment (AT, open symbols) (n = 28). (C) Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CCR2 (BT, n = 28 and AT, n = 18), CX3CR1 (BT, n = 26 and AT, n = 19), CCR7 (BT, n = 28 and AT, n = 19) and LFA-1 (BT, n = 15 and AT, n = 11) (from the top to the bottom) was evaluated on monocyte subsets (CD14⁺CD16⁻ (left panel), CD14⁺CD16⁺ (middle panel), CD14^loCD16⁺ (right panel)) from P. vivax-infected subjects, before and 30–45 days after treatment. Dotted lines represent medians of a given measurements from healthy donors. (D) Scattered dot plots (left panels) and representative histograms (right panels) showing MFI of the molecules described above on CD14⁺CD16⁻, CD14⁺CD16⁺ and CD14^loCD16⁺ monocytes from P. vivax-infected patients before treatment (open histograms). Levels of the molecules above were measured by flow cytometry. Circles indicate individual patients and lines represent median values and interquartile ranges. (E) Levels of molecules expressed by the monocyte subsets analyzed according to D. * p<0.05, **0.05>p>0.01, ***p<0.01.