Table 1. Main demographic characteristics and risk factors in the study population.
| Controls | Adenoma | Adenocarcinoma | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=243) | (n=113) | (n=190) | ||||||
| Risk factor | n | % | n | % | P-values | n | % | P-values |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 141 | 58.02 | 54 | 47.79 | 90 | 47.4 | ||
| Male | 102 | 41.98 | 59 | 52.21 | 0.13 | 100 | 52.6 | 0.14 |
| Age | ||||||||
| Mean years, (SD) | 54.2 (0.76) | 57.4 (0.94) | 0.01 | 57.9 (12.3) | 0.01 | |||
| Education attained | ||||||||
| None | 6 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.8 | 18 | 9.5 | ||
| Primary school | 91 | 37.4 | 33 | 29.2 | 75 | 39.5 | ||
| Secondary | 89 | 36.6 | 37 | 32.7 | 61 | 32.1 | ||
| College | 28 | 11.5 | 11 | 9.7 | 11 | 5.8 | ||
| University | 29 | 11.9 | 30 | 26.5 | 0.02 | 25 | 13.2 | <0.01 |
| Colorectal cancer family history | 113 | |||||||
| No | 231 | 95.0 | 104 | 92.0 | 176 | 92.6 | ||
| Yes | 13 | 5.0 | 9 | 8.0 | 0.26 | 14 | 7.4 | 0.29 |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) | ||||||||
| No intake | 135 | 55.6 | 72 | 63.7 | 107 | 56.3 | ||
| <12.5 | 70 | 28.8 | 22 | 19.5 | 49 | 25.8 | ||
| 12.5 | 38 | 15.6 | 18 | 15.9 | 0.17 | 33 | 17.4 | 0.75 |
| Smoking (packs/year) | ||||||||
| Non smoker | 146 | 60.1 | 71 | 62.8 | 112 | 58.9 | ||
| <1 | 51 | 21.0 | 16 | 14.2 | 32 | 16.8 | ||
| 1 | 46 | 18.9 | 26 | 23.0 | 0.35 | 45 | 23.7 | 0.27 |
| Red meat (servings/week) | ||||||||
| <2 | 42 | 17.3 | 20 | 18.6 | 35 | 18.4 | ||
| 2–5 | 121 | 49.8 | 51 | 44.2 | 80 | 42.1 | ||
| 5 | 78 | 32.1 | 34 | 30.1 | 0.83 | 62 | 32.6 | 0.59 |
| Energy intake (quartile) | ||||||||
| Q1 | 60 | 24.7 | 30 | 26.5 | 29 | 15.3 | ||
| Q2 | 61 | 25.1 | 29 | 25.7 | 41 | 21.6 | ||
| Q3 | 61 | 25.1 | 19 | 16.8 | 50 | 26.3 | ||
| Q4 | 60 | 24.7 | 25 | 22.1 | 0.53 | 56 | 29.5 | 0.13 |
| BMI | ||||||||
| <20 | 6 | 2.5 | 5 | 4.4 | 35 | 18.4 | ||
| 20–24 | 85 | 35.0 | 36 | 31.9 | 82 | 43.2 | ||
| 25–29 | 111 | 45.7 | 47 | 41.6 | 47 | 24.7 | ||
| 30 | 45 | 18.5 | 23 | 20.4 | 24 | 12.6 | <0.01 | |
| NSAID | ||||||||
| No | 184 | 75.7 | 87 | 77.0 | 148 | 77.9 | ||
| Yes | 59 | 24.3 | 26 | 23.0 | 0.84 | 42 | 22.1 | 0.6 |
| Dietary fiber (quartile) | ||||||||
| Q1 | 61 | 25.1 | 24 | 21.2 | 44 | 23.2 | ||
| Q2 | 61 | 25.1 | 23 | 20.4 | 39 | 20.5 | ||
| Q3 | 61 | 25.1 | 25 | 22.1 | 48 | 25.3 | ||
| Q4 | 59 | 24.3 | 33 | 29.2 | 0.63 | 46 | 24.2 | 0.88 |
| Physical activity (IPAQ categories) | ||||||||
| Low | 102 | 42.0 | 58 | 51.3 | 77 | 40.5 | ||
| Moderate | 72 | 29.6 | 27 | 23.9 | 49 | 25.8 | ||
| High | 69 | 28.4 | 28 | 24.8 | 0.17 | 64 | 33.7 | 0.6 |
| City of enrollment | ||||||||
| Bucaramanga | 69 | 28.4 | 35 | 31.0 | 40 | 21.1 | ||
| Bogota | 30 | 12.3 | 10 | 8.8 | 23 | 12.1 | ||
| Cartagena | 33 | 13.6 | 12 | 10.6 | 26 | 13.7 | ||
| Cali | 33 | 13.6 | 10 | 8.8 | 33 | 17.4 | ||
| SantaMarta | 26 | 10.7 | 20 | 17.7 | 27 | 14.2 | ||
| Barranquilla | 52 | 21.4 | 26 | 23.0 | 0.51 | 41 | 21.6 | 0.56 |
| Anatomic location | ||||||||
| Colon NOS | 8 | 7.1 | 8 | 4.2 | ||||
| Right colon | 40 | 35.4 | 48 | 25.3 | ||||
| Left colon | 43 | 38.1 | 42 | 22.1 | ||||
| Rectum | 22 | 19.5 | 92 | 48.4 | ||||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; IPAC, International Physic Activity Questionnaire; NOS, no otherwise specified; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.