TABLE 1.

Fried frailty index: criteria and indicators¹

Frailty criteria	Indicators
Weight loss	Loss of >10 pounds in past 12 months, unintentional
Exhaustion	Response of “a moderate amount of the time (3–4 days)” or “most of the time” to either of two CES-D scale items: “I felt that everything I did was an effort”; “I could not get going” during the past week
Weakness	Maximal grip strength in kg using Jamar hand-held dynamometer. Lowest 20%, stratified by gender and BMI quartiles.
Slowness	Time in seconds to walk 15 feet at usual pace. Slowest 20%, stratified by gender and standing height.
Low physical activity level	Weighted score of kilocalories expended per week in physical activities “you have done in the past 2 weeks” reported on short version of Minnesota Leisure Time Activity questionnaire. Lowest 20% for each gender.
Frailty	Presence of 3 or more of the above criteria

BMI = body mass index; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression