Table 3.
Insecticide-treated nets (ITN) utilisation to protect under-five children
| Model 1: | Model 2: | |
|---|---|---|
| Small household | Large household | |
| (≤6 members, n = 647) | (>6 members, n = 959) | |
| Fixed effects | ||
| Intercept (estimate, SE) | 0.55 (0.51) | 0.22 (0.46) |
| OR (95%CI) | ||
| Intra-household saturation with ITNs: At least 1 ITN for every 2 people † | 1.6 (1.02–2.58) | 1.9 (1.07–3.42) |
| Vector control activities ‡ | 0.9 (0.58–1.44) | 1.5 (1.07–2.16) |
| At least 1 episode of child illness during the preceding 2 weeks ₱ | 1.5 (0.92–2.56) | 1.5 (1.03–2.12) |
| Residential area | ||
| Peri-urban versus urban | 1.4 (0.59–3.33) | 0.9 (0.47–1.69) |
| Rural versus urban | 1.0 (0.41–2.22) | 1.2 (0.67–2.14) |
| Ownership of agricultural land | 1.9 (1.10–3.30) | 0.9 (0.57–1.32) |
| Ownership of any cattle ₤ | 0.8 (0.48–1.41) | 1.3 (0.70–2.24) |
| Access to safe drinking water | 1.2 (0.60–2.30) | 1.2 (0.75–1.94) |
| Access to private toilets | 0.9 (0.45–1.62) | 0.8 (0.49–1.15) |
| Distance to nearest lake or stagnant water point (<1000 vs. ≥1000 m) | 1.3 (0.80–2.17) | 0.9 (0.65–1.32) |
| Children’s age (months; reference = 0–11) | ||
| 12–23 | 2.2 (1.10–4.55) | 1.3 (0.78–2.28) |
| 24–35 | 2.0 (0.98–3.94)* | 1.1 (0.66–1.82) |
| 36–47 | 1.6 (0.81–3.11) | 1.1 (0.67–1.84) |
| 48–59 | 1.3 (0.80–2.17) | 1.0 (0.60–1.75) |
| Random effect | ||
| Household (estimate, SE) | 0.91 (0.40) | 0.96 (0.20) |
| Intra-class correlation (95% CI) | 20.1 (4.3–58.7) | 21.7 (10.8–39.0) |
Notes: SE = Standard error; OR = Odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; Bold = p value <0.05; *P value <0.10; †Among households owning at least one ITN, unadjusted OR (95% CI) = 1.71 (1.09–2.69) in small households and 1.84 (1.04–3.27) in large ones; ‡Cleaning house, elimination of stagnant water and larval sites around the house by the mother of the under-five children; ₱Any illness; ₤Beef, camel, goat, horse, pig or sheep.