Table 4.

Metabolites significantly different (p < 0.05, t-test) between male and female urines. UT: urease pre-treated; NT: no pre-treatment; NS: not significant; N/A: not applicable due to insufficient data. PubChem Compound numbers and IUPAC International Chemical Identifiers (InChIs) are provided in Supplemental Table S4.

Metabolite	UT p-value	Increase in Male/Female	NT p-value	Increase in Male/Female
1-methyladenosine	0.01	Female	0.09	NS
1-methylhistidine#	0.04	Male	0.01	Male
2,4-dihydroxybutyrate 1	0.01	Female	0.06	NS
2,3-dihydroxybutyrate 1	0.04	Female	0.09	NS
2,3-dihydroxybutyrate 2	4e-05	Male	0.02	Male
2-deoxyribonate	0.1	NS	0.008	Male
3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropionate	0.04	Female	0.04	Female
alpha-ketoglutarate	0.01	Female	0.5	NS
aminomalonate	0.5	NS	0.02	Female
benzoate	0.3	NS	0.0006	Female
citramalate	0.0002	Female	0.007	Female
citrate#,¥,€	0.01	Female	0.4	NS
D-(+)-melezitose	0.1	NS	0.02	Female
dehydroalanine	0.02	Male	0.9	NS
D-xylose 1	0.002	Female	0.2	NS
ethanolamine	0.002	Female	0.05	NS
fumarate¥,§	0.1	NS	0.04	Female
glycerate	0.03	Female	N/A	NS
hippurate#,€	0.1	NS	0.002	Female
L-(+)-lactate#,€	0.03	Female	0.009	Female
L-glutamate	0.4	NS	0.007	Female
L-glutamine	0.05	NS	0.01	Female
L-threonate 2	0.2	NS	0.01	Female
pantothenate	0.003	Female	0.02	Female
phosphate	0.5	NS	0.01	Male
ribose	0.0006	Female	0.2	NS
sucrose	0.03	Female	0.04	Female

^#Also identified as significantly different in (Saude et al., 2007)

^¥Also identified as significantly different in (Slupsky et al., 2007)

^€Also identified as significantly different in (Psihogios et al., 2008)

^§Also identified as significantly different in (Pasikanti et al., 2008)

Note: Numbers after metabolites indicate the number of TMS groups for partially derivatized molecules; otherwise, the molecule is fully derivatized.