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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 22.
Published in final edited form as: J Cancer Ther. 2014 Aug 1;5(9):830–835. doi: 10.4236/jct.2014.59091

Figure 1. Key candidate molecules activated by IGFBP-3.

Figure 1

IGFBP-3 can activate various downstream signaling molecules either by binding to its putative IGFBP-3R (receptor) to monitor its signal and induce apoptosis or bind to TGF-β receptor resulting in smad activation which leads to apoptosis. IGFBP-3 can also activate Stat-1 or bind to RXR-α to induce its anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects.