Table 2.
Summary results for changes in BMD and explanatory (predictor) variables that may affect change in BMD, stratified by study arm and sex
| Men |
Women |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | ILI (n = 208) | DSE (n = 218) | P value | ILI (n = 368) | DSE (n = 364) | P value |
| BMD measure | ||||||
| L/S spine BMD change (g/cm2) | 0.01 ± 0.05 | 0.02 ± 0.06 | 0.72 | −0.03 ± 0.05 | −0.03 ± 0.06 | 0.38 |
| % change in L/S spine BMD/year | 0.3 ± 1.1 | 0.3 ± 1.2 | 0.99 | −0.7 ± 1.2 | −0.6 ± 1.4 | 0.24 |
| Total hip BMD change (g/cm2) | −0.03 ± 0.05 | −0.02 ± 0.04 | <0.01 | −0.04 ± 0.05 | −0.04 ± 0.05 | 0.44 |
| % change in hip BMD/year | −0.8 ± 1.0 | −0.4 ± 0.9 | <0.01 | −1.1 ± 1.3 | −1.0 ± 1.3 | 0.46 |
| Explanatory variable | ||||||
| Weight change (kg) | −5.9 ± 7.8 | −1.7 ± 7.0 | <0.01 | −4.7 ± 7.4 | −2.1 ± 8.1 | <0.01 |
| % weight change | −5.7 ± 7.1 | −1.6 ± 6.6 | <0.01 | −5.0 ± 7.9 | −2.0 ± 7.9 | <0.01 |
| BMI change (kg/m2) | −1.9 ± 2.5 | −0.6 ± 2.3 | <0.01 | −1.8 ± 2.9 | −0.7 ± 3.1 | <0.01 |
| % BMI change | −5.5 ± 7.0 | −1.6 ± 6.6 | <0.01 | −4.9 ± 7.9 | −1.8 ± 8.0 | <0.01 |
| Change in fitness (METs) | 0.3 ± 1.5 | −0.1 ± 1.5 | <0.01 | 0.2 ± 1.3 | −0.2 ± 1.3 | <0.01 |
| % change in fitness | 7.3 ± 26.1 | −0.23 ± 25.0 | <0.01 | 5.8 ± 26.5 | −1.4 ± 24.8 | <0.01 |
| Change in dietary calcium (mg/day) | −51.1 ± 608 | −47.4 ± 656 | 0.97 | −81.8 ± 431 | −164.7 ± 534 | 0.10 |
| % change in dietary calcium | 18.0 ± 82.4 | 16.7 ± 92.8 | 0.91 | 7.3 ± 60.5 | −3.7 ± 64.4 | 0.09 |
| Change in leisure-time physical activity (kcal/week) | 466.2 ± 1,612 | −62.7 ± 1,659 | 0.03 | 204.5 ± 1,105 | 8.8 ± 1,653 | 0.21 |
| % change in leisure-time physical activity | 361 ± 1,053 | 192 ± 739 | 0.26 | 286 ± 921 | 266 ± 978 | 0.87 |
| Change in A1C (%) | −0.4 ± 1.0 | 0.05 ± 1.2 | <0.01 | −0.1 ± 1.5 | 0.0 ± 1.6 | 0.51 |
| Change in A1C (mmol/mol) | −4 ± 11 | 0.5 ± 13 | −1 ± 17 | 0 ± 18 | ||
| Change in fat mass (g) | −2,601 ± 5,467 | 166 ± 4,842 | <0.01 | −1,900 ± 5,588 | −416 ± 5,959 | <0.01 |
| Alcohol use in past year | 153 (73.6) | 148 (67.9) | 0.20 | 177 (48.1) | 174 (47.9) | 0.96 |
| Menopause | ||||||
| Post | N/A | N/A | N/A | 260 (70.7) | 282 (77.5) | 0.08 |
| Pre | — | — | — | 45 (12.2) | 39 (10.7) | — |
| Unknown | — | — | — | 63 (17.1) | 43 (11.8) | — |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 81 (38.9) | 87 (39.9) | 0.33 | 231 (62.8) | 234 (64.5) | 0.73 |
| Past | 114 (54.8) | 124 (56.9) | 121 (32.9) | 117 (32.2) | — | |
| Present | 13 (6.3) | 7 (3.2) | 16 (4.4) | 12 (3.3) | — | |
Data are mean (SD) or n (%). All differences are Y4 – baseline. Continuous and categorical measures were tested with t test and χ2 test, respectively. N/A, not applicable.