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. 2014 Sep 22;5:361. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00361

Table 4.

Studies evaluating the effects of AHDs on BP in animal models of CIH.

Species CIH experimental protocol Drugs/ intervention BP measurement Drug effect on BP References
Sprague-Dawley rats 2/3–20.9% O2 (3–6 s + 15–18 s; 2 cycles/min); 6–8 h/day; 35 days Losartan (15 mg/kg); gavage; 35 days Telemetry Significant ↓ MAP (98.2 ± 61.7 to 85.9 ± 62.7 mm Hg) Fletcher et al., 1999
Sprague-Dawley rats 5–21% O2+ 5–0%CO2 (20 cycles/h); 7 h/day; 14 days A-779 (Ang-(1–7) antagonist); Losartan (2 nmol/h) and ZD7155 (AT1 antagonists); PD123319 (AT2 receptor antagonist); osmotic minipumps delivered into PVN; 14 days. Telemetry ↓ MAP: A-779: 5 ± 1 mm Hg, Losartan: 9 ± 4 mmHg, ZD7155: 11 ± 4 mmHg PD123319: 4 ± 3 mmHg da Silva et al., 2011
Sprague-Dawley rats 20.9–10% (180 s cycles); 10 h/day; 35 days Losartan (15 mg/kg); p.o. (syringe technique); 35 days NA (arterial catheterization?) ↓ SBP (10 mmHg) Fenik et al., 2012
Sprague-Dawley rats 80 cycles (6 min each) 21–10% O2/day; 8 h/day; 7 days Losartan (1 μg/h); intracerebroventricular (miniosmotic pumps); 7 days Telemetry ↓ MAP during both CIH exposure and normoxic period Knight et al., 2013
Sprague-Dawley rats 20 cycles (90 s each) of 21–5% O2 and 0–5% CO2/h; 7 h/day; 14 days BQ-123 (10–1000 nmol/kg in bolus or 100 nmol/kg/day for chronic administration); iv or sc; 14 days Tail-cuff method and telemetry Acute administration: dose dependent ↓ MAP Chronic administration: prevented ↑MAP Allahdadi et al., 2008
SHR + Wistar rats 21–10% O2 (1 min cycles: 20 + 40 s); 8 h/day; 14 days Bosentan (100 mg/Kg/dia); mixed in chow; 14 days Tail-cuff method + Arterial catheterization Prevented ↑MAP Belaidi et al., 2009
SHR 21–10% O2 (every 90 s); 12 h/day; 30 days Nifedipine (5 mg/Kg) and SOD mimetic (MnTMPyP; 10 mg/Kg); s.c.; 30 days Tail-cuff method Nifedipine: attenuate SBP and DBP SOD mimetic: ↓ SBP and DBP Soukhova-O'Hare et al., 2008
Sprague-Dawley rats 21–5% O2 (every 60 s); 8 h/day; 14–21 days Melatonin (10 mg/Kg); i.p.; 14 or 21 days (30 min before hypoxic exposure) Tail-cuff method ↓ SBP (21 mmHg) Hung et al., 2013
Sprague-Dawley rats 20 cycles (90 s each) of 21–5% O2 and 0–5% CO2/h; 7 h/day; 14 days; Tempol (1 mM); drinking water; 14 days Telemetry ↓ MAP (17 mmHg) Troncoso Brindeiro et al., 2007
Sprague-Dawley rats 12 cycles (300 s each) of 21–5% O2/h; 8 h/day; 21 days Ascorbic acid (1.25 g/L); drinking tap water; 21 days Arterial catheterization ↓ MAP (29 mmHg) Del Rio et al., 2010
Sprague-Dawley rats 9 cycles (5 min + 15 s) of 21–5% O2/h; 8 h/day; 10 days SOD mimetic (MnTMPyP; 5 mg/Kg/day); i.p; 10 days Arterial catheterization ↓↓ MAP Kumar et al., 2006
Sprague-Dawley rats 20 cycles (90 s each) of 21–5% O2 and 0–5% CO2/h; 8 h/day; 11 days PD145065 (ET receptor antagonist in cumulative drugs: 0.3, 3.0, 30, 300, 1000 nmol/Kg); bolus; 11 days Arterial catheterization Dose dependent ↓ MAP Kanagy et al., 2001
Sprague-Dawley rats 21–5% O2 (12 times/h); 8 h/day; 14 days Ebselen (specific ONOO- scavenger; 10 mg/kg/day); osmotic mini-pumps; 7 days Telemetry ↓ elevated BP Moya et al., 2014

AHDs, antihypertensive drugs; BP, blood pressure; CIH, chronic intermittent hypoxia; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ET, endothelin; h, hour; HT, hypertension; i.p., intraperitoneal; MAP, mean arterial pressure; NA, information not available; min, minutes; p.o., per os; PVN, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus; s, seconds; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rats; s.c., subcutaneous; SOD, superoxide dismutase mimetic; ↓, decrease; ↑, increase.