Table 2. Cox Proportional Hazard Ratios showing the association between health behaviour change and rate of CVD events over 5-years follow-up among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients from Eastern England (ADDITION-Cambridge) 2002 to 2009.
| Change Category* | Health Score |
Mean (SD) | n | D | Y | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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| Rate Ratio(95%CI) | p | Rate Ratio(95%CI) | p | Rate Ratio(95%CI) | p | ||||||
| Change in Physical Activity (Net MET hrs · day−1) | |||||||||||
| Decreased | 0 | − 4.2 (4.4) | 361 | 23 | 1.87 | 1 | 0.37 | 1 | 0.037 | 1 | 0.037 |
| Increased | 1 | + 4.2 (5.1) | 380 | 23 | 1.93 | 0.76 (0.42 to 1.38) | 0.53 (0.29 to 0.96) | 0.49 (0.26 to 0.96) | |||
| Change in Alcohol intake (Units · week−1) | |||||||||||
| Consistent drinkers/Increased | 0 | + 2.9 (5.7) | 262 | 25 | 1.34 | 1 | 0.02 | 1 | 0.008 | 1 | 0.009 |
| Abstainers/Reduced | 1 | − 3.0 (5.6) | 458 | 20 | 2.35 | 0.50 (0.27 to 0. 91) | 0.40 (0.21 to 0.78) | 0.38 (0.19 to 0.79) | |||
| Change in Diet Daily total calorific intake (Kcal · day−1) | |||||||||||
| Increased | 0 | +351 (368) | 243 | 17 | 1.23 | 1 | 0.11 | ||||
| Decreased | 1 | −554 (474) | 489 | 29 | 2.52 | 0.62 (0.35 to 1.11) | |||||
| Daily total fat intake (% Energy from fat . day−1) | |||||||||||
| Increased | 0 | +5.1 (3.9) | 268 | 17 | 1.37 | 1 | 0.84 | ||||
| Decreased | 1 | −5.4 (4.3) | 464 | 29 | 2.38 | 1.08 (0.52 to 2.23) | |||||
| Daily fibre intake (g · day−1) | |||||||||||
| Decreased | 0 | −4.3 (4.6) | 307 | 17 | 1.57 | 1 | 0.47 | ||||
| Increased | 1 | +5.5 (5.2) | 425 | 29 | 2.18 | 1.30 (0.64 to 2.66) | |||||
| Plasma Vitamin C (μmol · L−1) | |||||||||||
| Decreased | 0 | −16.2 (13.9) | 295 | 18 | 1.51 | 1 | 0.32 | 1 | 0.18 | 1 | 0.14 |
| Increased | 1 | +17.7(16.6) | 340 | 20 | 1.69 | 0.75 (0.44 to 1.31) | 0.67 (0.38 to 1.20) | 0.63 (0.34 to 1.17) | |||
| Smoking Status | |||||||||||
| Smoker | NA | NA | 151 | 10 | 0.76 | 1 | 0.71 | ||||
| Never/former | NA | NA | 703 | 43 | 3.59 | 0.88 (0.47 to 1.68) | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||||
| Increased | - | +0.90 (0.8) | 183 | 11 | 0.93 | 1 | 0.82 | - | - | ||
| Decreased | - | −1.89 (1.7) | 541 | 34 | 2.78 | 1.06 (0.61 to 1.84) | |||||
Change denotes an increase or decrease in health behaviour from baseline to one year of follow-up. All models adjusted for age, sex, baseline value of relevant ‘change’ variable and study group. Multivariable Model 1 presents the independent effects of each ‘change in health behaviour’. Model 2, as for Model 1 and additionally adjusted for social class, occupation and mutually adjusted for change in physical activity, alcohol intake, plasma vitamin C levels. Model 3, as for Model 2 with the addition of self-reported prescription of cardio-protective medication at 1 year. D: primary composite CVD outcome; Y: # of person years at risk (per 1000). Clustering by GP practise taken into account in all models. † at baseline (n). - omitted from multivariable analysis as may be on causal pathway. CVD, cardiovascular disease.