Table 1.
Associations between demographic variables and vaccinia-specific cytokine responses in vaccinees after primary smallpox vaccination
| Outcome | Variable | N | Mean | Standard Deviation |
Median | 25% Quartile |
75% Quartile |
Adjusted p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total IFNγ ELISPOT | AA | 213 | 61.30 | 60.84 | 51.00 | 23.00 | 84.00 | 0.010 |
| Cauc | 573 | 66.77 | 60.17 | 57.00 | 28.00 | 95.00 | ||
| Hisp | 216 | 50.93 | 46.49 | 47.00 | 17.00 | 76.00 | ||
| Other | 56 | 43.84 | 44.22 | 29.50 | 15.00 | 71.00 | ||
| CD8+IFNγ ELISPOT | AA | 205 | 9.11 | 38.51 | 4.00 | −7.00 | 18.00 | <.001 |
| Cauc | 542 | 17.83 | 34.19 | 12.00 | 0.00 | 32.00 | ||
| Hisp | 200 | 13.52 | 47.01 | 8.00 | −2.00 | 19.50 | ||
| Other | 55 | 17.71 | 59.91 | 9.00 | −3.00 | 28.00 | ||
| Secreted IL-2 | AA | 185 | 19.90 | 32.97 | 14.97 | 1.16 | 32.93 | 0.003 |
| Cauc | 465 | 27.55 | 37.31 | 18.61 | 5.19 | 38.30 | ||
| Hisp | 174 | 22.71 | 31.46 | 14.26 | 4.72 | 34.52 | ||
| Other | 47 | 18.98 | 36.96 | 13.77 | 0.70 | 31.53 | ||
| Secreted IFNα | AA | 209 | 76.02 | 85.98 | 49.33 | 12.05 | 120.53 | <.001 |
| Cauc | 560 | 94.87 | 97.44 | 67.52 | 22.56 | 143.02 | ||
| Hisp | 212 | 83.59 | 83.43 | 63.79 | 13.33 | 132.32 | ||
| Other | 57 | 71.47 | 86.17 | 54.57 | 3.04 | 83.60 | ||
| Total IFNγ ELISPOT | Male | 784 | 66.19 | 60.87 | 55.00 | 27.00 | 95.00 | <.001 |
| Female | 274 | 47.01 | 43.20 | 41.00 | 17.00 | 70.00 | ||
| Secreted IL-1β | Male | 664 | 116.08 | 194.72 | 57.26 | 27.17 | 144.82 | <.001 |
| Female | 257 | 77.82 | 122.01 | 40.14 | 21.97 | 78.81 | ||
| Secreted IL-2 | Male | 624 | 24.27 | 35.40 | 15.85 | 3.54 | 37.38 | <.001 |
| Female | 247 | 25.05 | 35.45 | 18.52 | 4.21 | 34.78 | ||
| Secreted IL-10 | Male | 735 | 9.83 | 32.27 | 2.22 | −0.56 | 10.45 | 0.017 |
| Female | 268 | 14.18 | 28.46 | 4.63 | 0.30 | 18.01 | ||
Only statistically significant findings (p<0.05) are presented.
Analyses are adjusted for sex and race (where needed); age at enrollment/blood draw (quartiles); time since vaccination to blood draw (quartiles); time from blood draw to assay (quartiles); shipping temperature of the sample (ambient or frozen); and season when the sample was shipped (April-September vs. October-March).
Race/ethnicity abbreviations are as follows: AA – African-American; Cauc – Caucasian; Hisp- Hispanic; Other - Asian, American Indian, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian, other Pacific Islander or a subject with unknown race/ethnicity.
Cytokine response is defined as the subject-specific median vaccinia virus-stimulated response (measured in triplicate) minus the median unstimulated response (also measured in triplicate). Results are presented in pg/mL for secreted cytokines and as IFNγ-positive SFUs per 2 × 105 cells (for the total IFNγ ELISPOT assay) or IFNγ-positive SFUs per 5 × 105 cells (for the CD8+IFNγ ELISPOT assay).