(b).
| Study area | Age of group | Sample (size) | Study design | Helminth type | Outcome for malaria diseases in coinfection | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kenya (Kingwede) | 8 years and older | 561 | cross-sectional | S. haematobium | Children had 9.3 times the odds of coinfection compared to adults |
[119] |
| Nigeria (Osun) |
preschool children (6–59 months) |
690 | Double-blind and randomized | A. lumbricoides | There was no significant difference in the severity of anaemia. | [120] |
| Kabale, Uganda |
All ages (856) | 856 | Retrospective; 18 months |
A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and hookworm | Non evidence for an association and risk of malaria | [121] |