Table 3. Self-Assessment of Dental Visits of Pregnant Women (N = 897) and Nonpregnant Women of Childbearing Age (N = 3,971) by Selected Characteristics, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2004.
| Characteristic | Having a Dental Visit in Previous Year |
Having Preventive Care as the Main Reason for Last Dentist Visit |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnant Women, % (95% CI) | Nonpregnant Women, % (95% CI) | P Valuea | Pregnant Women, % (95% CI) | Nonpregnant Women, % (95% CI) | P Valuea | |
| Total sample | 58.3 (51.8–64.8) | 64.8 (62.7–66.8) | .040 | 61.4 (54.3–68.4) | 55.9 (53.4–58.4) | .131 |
| Age, y | ||||||
| 15–24 | 51.0 (41.6–60.4)b | 65.6 (62.5–68.8) | .003 | 55.7 (47.4–63.9) | 58.0 (54.2–61.9) | .570 |
| 25–34 | 58.6 (50.6–66.6)c | 63.8 (60.6–67.0) | .178 | 62.9 (52.5–73.2) | 56.3 (53.5–59.1) | .228 |
| 35–44 | 75.3 (60.7–89.9)b , c , d | 64.8 (61.4–68.3) | .133 | 69.4 (50.9–88.0) | 54.0 (50.0–57.9) | .08 |
| Race/ethnicity e | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 71.1 (62.5–79.7)y,z | 68.9 (66.1–71.7)y,z | .624 | 67.6 (57.9–77.2)c , d | 56.7 (53.5–60.0) | .028 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 39.5 (30.7–48.3)y | 58.2 (53.5–62.9)y | <.001 | 53.3 (41.9–64.7)c | 54.4 (50.4–58.4) | .840 |
| Mexican American | 29.9 (21.9–37.9)z | 47.1 (41.9–52.2)z | <.001 | 51.5 (40.4–62.7)d | 51.8 (48.1–55.5) | .961 |
| Poverty status (% FPL) f | ||||||
| <100 | 40.6 (28.4–52.8)y | 52.9 (47.7–58.2)y | .037 | 41.4 (27.3–55.5)y | 42.7 (38.2–47.2)y | .862 |
| 100–199 | 54.1 (43.3–64.9) | 51.4 (45.8–57.1)z | .662 | 55.1 (39.5–70.7) | 46.3 (41.1–51.5)z | .306 |
| ≥200 | 66.2 (58.4,73.9)y | 74.1 (71.3–76.8)y,z | .048 | 70.1 (60.7–79.4)y | 64.4 (61.9–66.9)y,z | .242 |
| Education level | ||||||
| <High school | 41.0 (32.6–49.3)y | 56.0 (52.5–59.6)y | <.001 | 53.1 (40.5–65.7)b | 47.4 (43.6–51.2)y | .373 |
| High school diploma | 48.0 (37.0–59.0)z | 57.6 (53.2–62.1)z | .124 | 48.5 (34.2–62.7)c | 48.0 (44.2–51.8)z | .945 |
| ≥High school | 68.6 (60.7–76.4)y,z | 71.9 (68.8–75.1)y,z | .350 | 68.5 (59.7–77.3)b , c | 63.1 (59.4–66.7)y,z | .243 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; FPL, federal poverty level.
P value compares estimates between pregnant and nonpregnant women in each category (eg, age, race/ethnicity). A total of 13 pairwise tests between pregnant and nonpregnant women yielded a Bonferroni corrected cut-off of .05/13, P = <.004. P values for these tests exceeding .004 should be interpreted with caution on the basis of Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons.
Two sample t tests were used to compare estimates in each category (eg, age, race/ethnicity) in both pregnant and nonpregnant women. P value is greater than .003 but less than .05.
P value compares estimates in each category (eg, age, race/ethnicity) in both pregnant and nonpregnant women. A total of 16 pairwise tests between respondent characteristic groups yielded a Bonferroni corrected cut-off of .05/16, P = <.003. P values for these tests exceeding .003 should be interpreted with caution on the basis of a Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. Values in a sociodemographic subgroup (eg, age groups) among either pregnant or nonpregnant women with the same superscript letters (y and z) are significantly different from one another P < .003 (eg, if the percentage of pregnant women aged 15 to 24 years who answered “yes” to having a dental visit in the previous year is significantly different than the percentage of pregnant women aged 35–44 who answered “yes” to having a dental visit in the previous year, they will both have the same superscript letter.
All racial/ethnic categories are included in the total denominator, but not all racial/ethnic categories are presented separately.
Poverty status is defined by the ratio of family income to the federal poverty level.