Table 1. Prevalence of Food Insecurity and Hypertension, by Selected Sociodemographic Characteristics Among Hispanic, Non-Hispanic Black, and Non-Hispanic White Adults in 12 Statesa (N = 58,677), Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2009.
| Sociodemographic Characteristic | nd | Food Insecurityb
|
Self-Reported Hypertensionc
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence, % (95% CI) | P Valuee | Prevalence, % (95% CI) | P Valuee | |||
| Overall | 58,677 | 17.3 (16.5–18.1) | — | 37.4 (36.5–38.3) | — | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Hispanic | 4,067 | 30.3 (27.1–33.7) | <.001 | 33.7 (30.7–36.8) | <.001 | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 6,876 | 26.7 (24.5–29.0) | 52.3 (49.6–55.0) | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 47,734 | 13.0 (12.4–13.6) | 36.4 (35.6–37.2) | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 21,920 | 14.5 (13.3–15.7) | <.001 | 38.2 (36.8–39.6) | .09 | |
| Female | 36,757 | 19.8 (18.8–20.8) | 36.7 (35.6–37.7) | |||
| Age, y | ||||||
| 35–44 | 8,846 | 22.2 (20.4–24.0) | <.001 | 19.8 (18.2–21.5) | <.001 | |
| 45–54 | 13,619 | 20.3 (18.8–21.9) | 30.8 (29.1–32.5) | |||
| 55–64 | 14,964 | 15.8 (14.4–17.4) | 45.1 (43.2–46.9) | |||
| ≥65 | 21,248 | 9.4 (8.6–10.3) | 59.0 (57.5–60.5) | |||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married/unmarried couple | 34,423 | 14.2 (13.3–15.1) | <.001 | 33.6 (32.6–34.7) | <.001 | |
| Widowed | 9,625 | 15.8 (14.2–17.5) | 61.1 (58.9–63.2) | |||
| Divorced/separated | 9,832 | 29.8 (27.7–31.9) | 41.5 (39.3–43.8) | |||
| Never married | 4,619 | 25.9 (22.5–29.6) | 39.1 (35.6–42.6) | |||
| Education | ||||||
| <High school | 5,792 | 36.0 (32.4–39.7) | <.001 | 44.1 (40.8–47.4) | <.001 | |
| High school graduate/GEDf | 17,855 | 20.3 (19.0–21.8) | 41.6 (40.0–43.2) | |||
| Any college | 34,841 | 12.4 (11.7–13.1) | 34.2 (33.2–35.2) | |||
| % Federal poverty level | ||||||
| <130 | 9,374 | 42.2 (39.5–44.9) | <.001 | 45.1 (42.5–47.6) | <.001 | |
| 130 to <200 | 6,147 | 25.4 (22.9–28.0) | 38.4 (35.6–41.2) | |||
| 200 to <400 | 20,308 | 11.9 (11.0–12.9) | 33.9 (32.6–35.2) | |||
| ≥400 | 15,251 | 4.4 (3.9–5.1) | 34.6 (33.2–36.0) | |||
| Health insurance coverage | ||||||
| Yes | 53,001 | 14.5 (13.8–15.2) | <.001 | 37.9 (37.0–38.8) | .01 | |
| No | 5,581 | 38.6 (35.3–42.1) | 33.7 (30.5–37.0) | |||
| Current smoking status | ||||||
| Yes | 9,247 | 29.8 (27.5–32.1) | <.001 | 37.4 (35.2–39.7) | .97 | |
| No | 49,228 | 15.1 (14.2–15.8) | 37.4 (36.4–38.3) | |||
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
Alabama, Arkansas, California, Hawaii, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Wisconsin.
Defined as a response of “always,” “usually,” or “sometimes” to the question “How often in the past 12 months would you say you were worried or stressed about having enough money to buy nutritious meals?”
Defined as a response of yes to the question “Have you ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that you have high blood pressure?”
Sample sizes may vary because some respondents did not answer all questions.
P values for race/ethnicity, sex, marital status, health insurance coverage, and current smoking status obtained by using χ2 tests; P values for age, education, and percentage federal poverty level obtained by using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel trend test.
General educational development (GED) is a high school equivalency credential.