Table 2. Environmental Barriers and Community Solutions for Healthy Lifestyles in American Indian Communities, Wisconsin, 2007–2012^a .

Tribe/Identified Barrier	Intervention	Solutions/Impact
Menominee
Loose dogs inhibit people from walking for exercise	Police and animal rescue panel discussed protocol and answered questions	Addition of another dog catcher More dogs neutered, spayed, and micro-chipped Dogs rescued by breed-specific adoption agencies around state
No grocery store on reservation; limited access to fresh produce	Gardening subcommittee formed Raised beds constructed Community and individual gardens tilled and planted Plants and seeds distributed Gardening workshops offered Transportation to farmers market provided	Gardening Subcommittee entering sixth year of existence 8 community gardens planted 63 individual gardens planted 27 gardening and food preservation workshops conducted and attended by 598 participants Subcommittee attended national gardening workshop Apple orchard installed at school district site Grocery store built on reservation Teaching kitchen installed
Lack of sidewalks and involvement in physical activity	CAB, UW, and tribal partners sponsored physical activity and gardening stations	First lady Michele Obama’s Inaugural National Let’s Move in Indian Country event held
Lac du Flambeau
Lack of physical activity and healthy nutritional awareness	CAB and community members organized and conducted physical activity and health stations	Let’s Move event at K-8 school
Limited knowledge of gardening	Designed game and purchased gardening supply prizes	Elders Gardening (Bingo) event (attended by 45 men and women)
Limited access to fresh produce and few gardens because of limited knowledge and short growing season	Menominee CAB gardening expert and subcommittee member presented steps and timeline from Menominee gardening initiative	Intergenerational container gardening workshops held, and tomato plants distributed
Bad River
Lack of safe play spaces	Elders focus group reminisced about outdoor play Designed playground incorporating elders’ suggestions	Install award-winning environmentally friendly and cultural playground; for example, willow lodge, ricing canoe (used for harvesting wild rice), and climbing logs
Unsafe Lake Superior beach access	UW landscape architect student and tribal Department of Natural Resources solicited CAB suggestions and designed safe tiered landscaping	Installation of landscaping and indigenous plants for beach accessibility by people of all abilities
Limited knowledge of gardening; short growing season	CAB members attended gardening workshops	CAB Sustainable Gardening Subcommittee formed
Tribe has no tribal K-12 schools; parental involvement with public district is limited	CAB formed tribal–school partnership committee Principal and tribal liaisons are CAB members School initiatives shared at CAB meeting	CAB co-facilitated by school-based anti-bully and injury prevention director In-school dental exams and sealants Antismoking policies promoted

Abbreviations: CAB, community advisory board; UW, University of Wisconsin.

^a Examples of primary CAB activities, not an exhaustive list of initiatives completed.