Table 2. Hazard ratios1 (95% confidence intervals) for all cause mortality according to diagnosis of mental disorders at conscription (n=1,095,338).
| Adjustments, HR (95% CI) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Diagnostic category | No (%) diagnosed | Age | Age & early-life SES | Age & BMI | Age & diastolic blood | Age & IQ | Age, education & later-life SES | All covariates | All covariates & excluding deaths from suicide |
| Schizophrenia | 73 (<0.001) | 3.78 (1.68, 8.31) | 3.73 (1.68, 8.32) | 3.75 (1.68, 8.24) | 3.70 (1.66, 8.24) | 2.99 (1.34, 6.66) | 2.71 (1.22, 6.03) | 2.52 (1.13, 5.72) | 2.69 (1.12, 6.47) |
| Other non-affective psychoses | 12,366 (1.1) | 1.98 (1.77, 2.21) | 1.98 (1.77, 2.21) | 1.83 (1.64, 2.04) | 1.95 (1.76, 2.17) | 1.81 (1.62, 2.02) | 1.75 (1.56, 1.95) | 1.62 (1.45, 1.81) | 1.69 (1.49, 1.91) |
| Bipolar disorders | 31 (<0.001) | 5.55 (1.79, 17.2) | 5.78 (1.86, 17.9) | 5.52 (1.78, 17.1) | 5.55 (1.79, 17.2) | 4.88 (1.57, 15.1) | 5.55 (1.79, 17.2) | 5.19 (1.67, 16.1) | 2.29 (0.32, 16.3) |
| Depressive disorders | 9,237 (0.9) | 1.81 (1.54, 2.10) | 1.78 (1.53, 2.08) | 1.76 (1.51, 2.06) | 1.77 (1.52, 2.07) | 1.66 (1.42, 1.95) | 1.59 (1.36, 1.86) | 1.53 (1.31, 1.79) | 1.51 (1.26, 1.81) |
| Neurotic/adjustment disorders | 47,296 (4.3) | 1.83 (1.73, 1.93) | 1.81 (1.71, 1.91) | 1.80 (1.71, 1.91) | 1.81 (1.71, 1.91) | 1.61 (1.52, 1.71) | 1.54 (1.45, 1.62) | 1.48 (1.40, 1.57) | 1.39 (1.49, 1.59) |
| Personality disorders | 8,940 (0.8) | 2.53 (2.31, 2.78) | 2.47 (2.25, 2.70) | 2.55 (2.33, 2.80) | 2.52 (2.30, 2.76) | 2.12 (1.93, 2.32) | 1.93 (1.76, 2.12) | 1.88 (1.72, 2.06) | 1.93 (1.74, 2.14) |
| Alcohol-related disorders | 2,606 (0.2) | 3.69 (3.21, 4.24) | 3.54 (3.08, 4.07) | 3.64 (3.16, 4.18) | 3.65 (3.17, 4.20) | 2.89 (2.51, 3.32) | 2.50 (2.17, 2.87) | 2.38 (2.07, 2.74) | 2.48 (2.13, 2.90) |
| Other substance use disorders | 9,372 (0.9) | 3.53 (3.23, 3.86) | 3.56 (3.22, 3.95) | 3.52 (3.17, 3.90) | 3.53 (3.19, 3.91) | 3.12 (2.82, 3.46) | 2.74 (2.47, 3.04) | 2.68 (2.41, 2.97) | 2.80 (2.49, 3.15) |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; SES, socioeconomic status; IQ, intelligence quotient.
1
All adjustments include conscription testing centre and year of examination. BMI, diastolic blood pressure, and IQ were all measured at conscription. The reference group in each case consists of men who were not diagnosed with the disorder in question.