Comparison 1.
Repeat doses of corticosteroids versus single course
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Respiratory distress syndrome | 8 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 1.1 In all babies | 8 | 3206 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.83 [0.75, 0.91] |
| 1.2 In babies where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 1 | 160 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.87 [0.60, 1.24] |
| 1.3 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone | 8 | 3206 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.83 [0.75, 0.91] |
| 1.4 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 6 | 2538 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.86 [0.77, 0.96] |
| 1.5 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and <14 days | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 1.6 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 2 | 668 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.72 [0.58, 0.89] |
| 1.7 In babies exposed to one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 3 | 994 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.85 [0.73, 0.99] |
| 1.8 In babies exposed to two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 1.9 In babies exposed to three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 1.10 In babies exposed to four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 1.11 In babies where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 2 | 1470 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.86 [0.76, 0.98] |
| 1.12 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 6 | 1736 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.78 [0.67, 0.92] |
| 1.13 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 1.14 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 1144 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.79 [0.68, 0.92] |
| 1.15 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 4 | 1068 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.86 [0.68, 1.10] |
| 1.16 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2 Severe lung disease | 6 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 2.1 In all babies | 6 | 4826 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.80 [0.56, 1.14] |
| 2.2 In babies where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.3 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone2011 | 6 | 4826 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.80 [0.56, 1.14] |
| 2.4 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 5 | 2522 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.72 [0.47, 1.12] |
| 2.5 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and <14 days | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.6 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 1 | 2304 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.11 [0.82, 1.49] |
| 2.7 In babies exposed to one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 1 | 326 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.23 [0.94, 1.60] |
| 2.8 In babies exposed to two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.9 In babies exposed to three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.10 In babies exposed to four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.11 In babies where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 2 | 1470 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.84 [0.40, 1.78] |
| 2.12 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 4 | 3356 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.78 [0.50, 1.20] |
| 2.13 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.14 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 2 | 3448 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.80 [0.42, 1.51] |
| 2.15 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 3 | 1052 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.62 [0.44, 0.87] |
| 2.16 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3 Composite serious outcome (variously defined) | 7 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 3.1 In all babies | 7 | 5094 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.84 [0.75, 0.94] |
| 3.2 In babies where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3.3 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone | 7 | 5094 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.84 [0.75, 0.94] |
| 3.4 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 5 | 2232 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.78 [0.66, 0.91] |
| 3.5 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and <14 days | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3.6 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 2 | 2862 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.90 [0.77, 1.05] |
| 3.7 In babies exposed to one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 1 | 558 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.75 [0.60, 0.93] |
| 3.8 In babies exposed to two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3.9 In babies exposed to three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3.10 In babies exposed to four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3.11 In babies where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 1144 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.77 [0.62, 0.96] |
| 3.12 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 6 | 3950 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.87 [0.76, 0.99] |
| 3.13 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3.14 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 2 | 3448 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.90 [0.77, 1.05] |
| 3.15 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 4 | 1088 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.78 [0.60, 1.00] |
| 3.16 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 4 Mean birthweight (g) | 9 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 4.1 In all babies | 9 | 5626 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −75.79 [−117.63, −33.96] |
| 4.2 In babies where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 4.3 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone | 9 | 5626 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −75.79 [−117.63, −33.96] |
| 4.4 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 5 | 2328 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −63.68 [−128.59, 1.24] |
| 4.5 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and <14 days | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 4.6 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 3 | 2972 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −79.61 [−143.23, −14.00] |
| 4.7 In babies exposed to one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 3 | 994 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −57.20 [−132.99, 18.59] |
| 4.8 In babies exposed to two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 4.9 In babies exposed to three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 4.10 In babies exposed to four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 1 | 38 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −161.0 [−290.52, −31.48] |
| 4.11 In babies where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 2 | 1470 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −48.72 [−119.84, 22.40] |
| 4.12 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 7 | 4156 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −90.12 [−141.85, −38.39] |
| 4.13 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 4.14 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 2 | 3448 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −52.00 [−126.19, 18.19] |
| 4.15 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 4 | 1184 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −110.62 [−199.49, −21.74] |
| 4.16 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 5 Birthweight Z scores | 2 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 5.1 In all babies | 2 | 1256 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.11 [−0.23, 0.00] |
| 5.2 In babies where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 5.3 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone | 2 | 1256 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.11 [−0.23, 0.00] |
| 5.4 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 1 | 1144 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.13 [−0.26, −0.00] |
| 5.5 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and <14 days | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 5.6 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 1 | 112 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [−0.34, 0.34] |
| 5.7 In babies exposed to one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 1 | 112 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [−0.34, 0.34] |
| 5.8 In babies exposed to two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 5.9 In babies exposed to three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 5.10 In babies exposed to four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 5.11 In babies where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 1144 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.13 [−0.26, −0.00] |
| 5.12 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 112 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [−0.34, 0.34] |
| 5.13 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 5.14 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 1144 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.13 [−0.26, −0.00] |
| 5.15 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid equivalent | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 5.16 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6 Birthweight multiples of the median | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 6.1 In all babies | 1 | 590 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [−0.03, 0.03] |
| 6.2 In babies where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.3 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone | 1 | 590 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [−0.03, 0.03] |
| 6.4 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 1 | 590 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [−0.03, 0.03] |
| 6.5 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and <14 days | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.6 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.7 In babies exposed to one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.8 In babies exposed to two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.9 In babies exposed to three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.10 In babies exposed to four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 1 | 368 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.04 [−0.07, −0.01] |
| 6.11 In babies where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.12 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 590 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [−0.03, 0.03] |
| 6.13 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.14 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.15 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 590 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [−0.03, 0.03] |
| 6.16 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 7 Small-for-gestational age at birth | 7 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 7.1 In all babies | 7 | 3975 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.18 [0.97, 1.43] |
| 7.2 In babies where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 7.3 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone | 7 | 3975 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.18 [0.97, 1.43] |
| 7.4 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 4 | 1006 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.38 [1.04, 1.82] |
| 7.5 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and <14 days | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 7.6 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 3 | 2969 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.03 [0.79, 1.35] |
| 7.7 In babies exposed to one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 3 | 991 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.16 [0.87, 1.54] |
| 7.8 In babies exposed to two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 7.9 In babies exposed to three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 7.10 In babies exposed to four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 1 | 368 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 2.00 [1.07, 3.73] |
| 7.11 In babies where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 326 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.33 [0.92, 1.94] |
| 7.12 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 6 | 3649 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.13 [0.90, 1.42] |
| 7.13 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 7.14 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 2304 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.75, 1.50] |
| 7.15 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 4 | 792 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.29 [0.88, 1.90] |
| 7.16 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was >24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 8 Fetal and neonatal mortality | 9 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 8.1 In all babies | 9 | 5554 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.71, 1.23] |
| 8.2 In babies where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 1 | 160 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.49 [0.13, 1.88] |
| 8.3 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone | 9 | 5554 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.71, 1.23] |
| 8.4 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 6 | 2871 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.96 [0.67, 1.37] |
| 8.5 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and <14 days | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 8.6 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 3 | 2993 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.02 [0.69, 1.51] |
| 8.7 In babies exposed to one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 3 | 1015 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.41 [0.64, 3.08] |
| 8.8 In babies exposed to two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 8.9 In babies exposed to three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 8.10 In babies exposed to four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 8.11 In babies where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 2 | 1472 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.12 [0.70, 1.79] |
| 8.12 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 7 | 4082 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.85 [0.61, 1.19] |
| 8.13 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 8.14 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 2 | 3450 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.73, 1.40] |
| 8.15 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 4 | 1089 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.51 [0.26, 1.00] |
| 8.16 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 9 Fetal death | 7 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 9.1 In all babies | 7 | 2755 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.82 [0.24, 2.84] |
| 9.2 In babies where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 9.3 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone | 7 | 2755 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.82 [0.24, 2.84] |
| 9.4 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 4 | 1740 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.71 [0.14, 3.57] |
| 9.5 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and <14 days | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 9.6 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 2 | 689 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.00 [0.06, 15.86] |
| 9.7 In babies exposed to one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 3 | 1015 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.02 [0.14, 7.23] |
| 9.8 In babies exposed to two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 9.9 In babies exposed to three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 9.10 In babies exposed to four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 9.11 In babies where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 2 | 1472 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.03 [0.15, 7.31] |
| 9.12 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 5 | 1283 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.70 [0.14, 3.55] |
| 9.13 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 9.14 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 1146 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.02 [0.06, 16.23] |
| 9.15 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 3 | 594 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.59 [0.08, 4.42] |
| 9.16 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 10 Neonatal death | 7 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 10.1 In all babies | 7 | 2713 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.91 [0.62, 1.34] |
| 10.2 In babies where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 10.3 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone | 7 | 2713 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.91 [0.62, 1.34] |
| 10.4 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 5 | 2045 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.92 [0.61, 1.38] |
| 10.5 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and <14 days | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 10.6 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 2 | 668 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.86 [0.28, 2.66] |
| 10.7 In babies exposed to one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 3 | 994 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.47 [0.65, 3.33] |
| 10.8 In babies exposed to two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 10.9 In babies exposed to three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 10.10 In babies exposed to four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 10.11 In babies where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 2 | 1470 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.12 [0.70, 1.80] |
| 10.12 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 5 | 1243 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.62 [0.32, 1.20] |
| 10.13 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 10.14 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 1144 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.56, 1.59] |
| 10.15 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 3 | 575 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.52 [0.23, 1.18] |
| 10.16 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 11 Chronic lung disease | 8 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 11.1 In all babies | 8 | 5393 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.87, 1.30] |
| 11.2 In babies where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 1 | 160 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.77 [0.42, 1.41] |
| 11.3 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone | 8 | 5393 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.87, 1.30] |
| 11.4 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 6 | 2538 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.78, 1.21] |
| 11.5 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and <14 days | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 11.6 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 2 | 2855 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.49 [0.96, 2.32] |
| 11.7 In babies exposed to one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 2 | 877 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.27 [0.83, 1.96] |
| 11.8 In babies exposed to two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 11.9 In babies exposed to three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 11.10 In babies exposed to four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 11.11 In babies where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of betamethasone or equivalent | 2 | 1470 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.74, 1.27] |
| 11.12 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of betamethasone or equivalent | 6 | 3923 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.18 [0.88, 1.59] |
| 11.13 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of betamethasone or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 11.14 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of betamethasone or equivalent | 2 | 3448 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.03 [0.79, 1.35] |
| 11.15 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of betamethasone or equivalent | 4 | 1068 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.65, 1.44] |
| 11.16 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 24 mg/week of betamethasone or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 12 Intraventricular haemorrhage | 6 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 12.1 In all babies | 6 | 3065 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.75, 1.18] |
| 12.2 In babies where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 12.3 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone | 6 | 3065 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.75, 1.18] |
| 12.4 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 5 | 2519 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.77, 1.26] |
| 12.5 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and 14 days | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 12.6 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 1 | 546 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.77 [0.43, 1.36] |
| 12.7 In babies exposed to one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 2 | 872 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.69, 1.42] |
| 12.8 In babies exposed to two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 12.9 In babies exposed to three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 12.10 In babies exposed to four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 12.11 In babies where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of betamethasone or equivalent | 2 | 1470 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.02 [0.74, 1.40] |
| 12.12 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of betamethasone or equivalent | 4 | 1595 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.88 [0.64, 1.21] |
| 12.13 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of betamethasone or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 12.14 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of betamethasone or equivalent | 1 | 1144 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.89 [0.57, 1.38] |
| 12.15 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of betamethasone or equivalent | 3 | 1017 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.64, 1.40] |
| 12.16 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 24 mg/week of betamethasone or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 13 Intraventricular haemorrhage grade 3/4 | 6 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 13.1 In all babies | 6 | 4819 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.13 [0.69, 1.86] |
| 14 Periventricular leucomalacia | 7 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 14.1 In all babies | 7 | 4888 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.77 [0.43, 1.37] |
| 15 Chorioamnionitis | 6 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 15.1 In all women | 6 | 4261 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.16 [0.92, 1.46] |
| 15.2 In women where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 1 | 160 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.56 [1.05, 2.31] |
| 15.3 In women given repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone | 6 | 4261 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.16 [0.92, 1.46] |
| 15.4 In women given repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 4 | 1971 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.23 [0.95, 1.59] |
| 15.5 In women given repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and <14 days | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 15.6 In women given repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 2 | 2290 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.56, 1.57] |
| 15.7 In women given one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 1 | 437 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.64 [0.23, 1.77] |
| 15.8 In women given two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 15.9 In women given three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 15.10 In women given four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 15.11 In women where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of betamethasone or equivalent | 1 | 982 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.08 [0.72, 1.62] |
| 15.12 In women where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of betamethasone or equivalent | 5 | 3279 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.20 [0.90, 1.58] |
| 15.13 In women where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of betamethasone or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 15.14 In women where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of betamethasone or equivalent | 2 | 2835 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.08 [0.77, 1.51] |
| 15.15 In women where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of betamethasone or equivale | 3 | 989 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.35 [0.96, 1.88] |
| 15.16 In women where planned repeat drug exposure was > 24 mg/week of betamethasone or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 16 Puerperal sepsis | 5 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 16.1 In all women | 5 | 3091 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.15 [0.83, 1.60] |
| 16.2 In women where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 1 | 160 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.65 [0.19, 2.22] |
| 16.3 In women given repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone | 5 | 3091 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.15 [0.83, 1.60] |
| 16.4 In women given repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 4 | 1238 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.02 [0.66, 1.59] |
| 16.5 In women given repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and <14 days | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 16.6 In women given repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 1 | 1853 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.34 [0.80, 2.22] |
| 16.7 In women given one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 1 | 249 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.57 [0.80, 3.10] |
| 16.8 In women given two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 16.9 In women given three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 16.10 In women given four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 16.11 In women where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of betamethasone or equivalent | 1 | 249 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.57 [0.80, 3.10] |
| 16.12 In women where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of betamethasone or equivalen | 4 | 2842 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.05 [0.72, 1.54] |
| 16.13 In women where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of betamethasone or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 16.14 In women where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of betamethasone or equivalent | 1 | 1853 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.34 [0.80, 2.22] |
| 16.15 In women where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of betamethasone or equivale | 3 | 989 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.76 [0.42, 1.36] |
| 16.16 In women where planned repeat drug exposure was > 24 mg/week of betamethasone or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 17 Mean gestational age at birth (weeks) | 8 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 17.1 In all babies | 8 | 3179 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.09 [−0.33, 0.15] |
| 18 Preterm birth before 37 weeks | 2 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 18.1 In all babies | 2 | 1181 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.92, 1.02] |
| 19 Very preterm birth before 34 weeks | 4 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 19.1 In all babies | 4 | 2140 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.95, 1.07] |
| 20 Extremely preterm birth before 28 weeks | 2 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 20.1 In all babies | 2 | 1632 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.07 [0.83, 1.38] |
| 21 Mean head circumference at birth (cm) | 9 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 21.1 In all babies | 9 | 5626 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.32 [−0.49, −0.15] |
| 22 Head circumference Z scores at birth | 2 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 22.1 In all babies | 2 | 1256 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.14 [−0.27, −0.00] |
| 23 Mean length at birth (cm) | 6 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 23.1 In all babies | 6 | 4550 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.56 [−0.89, −0.23] |
| 24 Length Z scores at birth | 2 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 24.1 In all babies | 2 | 1256 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.05 [−0.19, 0.09] |
| 25 Length multiples of the median at birth | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 25.1 In all babies | 1 | 590 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.01 [−0.02, −0.00] |
| 26 Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes | 3 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 26.1 In all babies | 3 | 4004 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.84 [0.64, 1.10] |
| 27 Use of mechanical ventilation | 6 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 27.1 In all babies | 6 | 4918 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.84 [0.71, 0.99] |
| 28 Duration of respiratory support in days | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 28.1 In all babies | 1 | 37 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.30 [−0.90, 1.50] |
| 29 Use of oxygen supplementation | 2 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 29.1 In all babies | 2 | 3448 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.92 [0.85, 0.99] |
| 30 Duration of oxygen supplementation in days | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 30.1 In all babies | 1 | 37 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 3.3 [−2.31, 8.91] |
| 31 Use of surfactant | 9 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 31.1 In all babies | 9 | 5525 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.78 [0.65, 0.95] |
| 32 Use of inotropic support | 2 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 32.1 In all babies | 2 | 1470 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.80 [0.66, 0.97] |
| 33 Use of nitric oxide for respiratory support | 1 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 33.1 In all babies | 1 | 1144 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.58 [0.29, 1.17] |
| 34 Early systemic neonatal infection (variously defined) | 3 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 34.1 In all babies | 3 | 1544 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.79, 1.11] |
| 35 Proven infection while in the neonatal intensive care unit | 6 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 35.1 In all babies | 6 | 5002 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.00 [0.83, 1.20] |
| 36 Admission to the neonatal intensive care unit | 2 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 36.1 In all babies | 2 | 3448 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.95, 1.07] |
| 37 Air leak syndrome | 3 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 37.1 In all babies | 3 | 2192 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.76 [0.29, 1.97] |
| 38 Necrotising enterocolitis | 8 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 38.1 In all babies | 8 | 5394 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.74 [0.51, 1.08] |
| 39 Patent ductus arteriosus | 6 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 39.1 In all babies | 6 | 4356 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.80 [0.64, 0.98] |
| 40 Retinopathy of prematurity | 7 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 40.1 In all babies | 7 | 4883 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.02 [0.81, 1.28] |
| 41 Use of postnatal steroids | 3 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 41.1 In all babies | 3 | 3931 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.38 [0.99, 1.93] |
| 42 Mean neonatal blood pressure on first day after birth | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 42.1 In all babies | 1 | 175 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.70 [−2.47, 3.87] |
| 43 Mean neonatal blood pressure 6 weeks after birth | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 43.1 In all babies | 1 | 175 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −1.40 [−5.06, 2.26] |
| 44 Neonatal cardiac hypertrophy as measured by interventricular septal thickness (IVSd) | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 44.1 In all babies | 1 | 175 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.01 [−0.24, 0.26] |
| 45 Neonatal cardiac hypertrophy as measured by left ventricular wall thickness in diastole | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 45.1 In all babies | 1 | 175 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.04 [−0.27, 0.19] |
| 46 Mean basal cortisol concentrations (nmol/L) at birth | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 46.1 In all babies | 1 | 67 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −44.9 [−78.41, −11.39] |
| 47 Mean weight (g) at primary hospital discharge | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 47.1 In all babies | 1 | 1090 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −1.0 [−77.15, 75.15] |
| 48 Weight Z scores at primary hospital discharge | 2 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 48.1 In all babies | 2 | 1195 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.05 [−0.16, 0.06] |
| 49 Mean head circumference (cm) at primary hospital discharge | 2 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 49.1 In all babies | 2 | 1195 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.12 [−0.10, 0.35] |
| 50 Head circumference Z scores at primary hospital discharge | 2 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 50.1 In all babies | 2 | 1195 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.03 [−0.15, 0.10] |
| 51 Mean length (cm) at primary hospital discharge | 2 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 51.1 In all babies | 2 | 1189 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.02 [−0.44, 0.47] |
| 52 Length Z score at primary hospital discharge | 2 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 52.1 In all babies | 2 | 1189 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.06 [−0.23, 0.10] |
| 53 Prelabour rupture of membranes after trial entry | 1 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 53.1 In all women | 1 | 492 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.02 [0.67, 1.57] |
| 54 Maternal Hypertension (variously defined by the authors) | 3 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 54.1 In all women | 3 | 3327 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.08 [0.87, 1.32] |
| 55 Vaginal birth | 7 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 55.1 In all women | 7 | 4062 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.87, 1.00] |
| 56 Caesarean section | 7 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 56.1 In all women | 7 | 4062 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.05 [0.99, 1.10] |
| 57 Postpartum haemorrhage | 1 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 57.1 In all women | 1 | 485 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.60 [0.33, 1.07] |
| 58 Postnatal pyrexia (variously defined by authors) | 1 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 58.1 In all women | 1 | 982 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.87 [0.55, 1.38] |
| 59 Length of postnatal hospitalisation (days) | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 59.1 In all babies | 1 | 483 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [−0.22, 0.22] |
| 60 Any maternal side-effects of therapy | 2 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 60.1 In all women | 2 | 1474 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.24, 3.90] |
| 61 Maternal hyperglycaemia (variously defined by authors) | 1 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 61.1 In all women | 1 | 492 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.31 [0.89, 1.93] |
| 62 Insomnia | 3 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 62.1 In all women | 3 | 1486 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 2.63 [1.10, 6.30] |
| 63 Pain at injection site | 2 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 63.1 In all women | 2 | 1474 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.73 [0.11, 5.05] |
| 64 Bruising at injection site | 1 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 64.1 In all women | 1 | 492 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.38 [0.21, 0.71] |
| 65 Total mortality up to early childhood follow up | 4 | 21850 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.94, 1.21] |
| 65.1 In all babies | 4 | 4370 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.80, 1.41] |
| 65.2 In babies where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 65.3 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone | 4 | 4370 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.80, 1.41] |
| 65.4 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 3 | 2066 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.11 [0.74, 1.67] |
| 65.5 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and <14 days | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 65.6 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 1 | 2304 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.02 [0.69, 1.51] |
| 65.7 In babies exposed to one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 1 | 326 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 2.31 [0.82, 6.50] |
| 65.8 In babies exposed to two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 65.9 In babies exposed to three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 65.10 In babies exposed to four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 65.11 In babies where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 2 | 1472 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.11 [0.72, 1.71] |
| 65.12 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 2 | 2898 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.04 [0.72, 1.50] |
| 65.13 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 65.14 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 2 | 3450 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.72, 1.33] |
| 65.15 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 594 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.15 [0.39, 3.38] |
| 65.16 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 66 Survival free of any disability to early childhood follow up | 2 | 9499 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.99, 1.03] |
| 66.1 In all babies | 2 | 3155 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.97, 1.05] |
| 66.2 In babies where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 66.3 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone | 2 | 3164 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.00 [0.97, 1.04] |
| 66.4 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 1 | 1060 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.02 [0.92, 1.12] |
| 66.5 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and <14 days | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 66.6 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 66.7 In babies exposed to one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 66.8 In babies exposed to two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 66.9 In babies exposed to three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 66.10 In babies exposed to four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 66.11 In babies where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 1060 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.02 [0.92, 1.12] |
| 66.12 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 66.13 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 66.14 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 1060 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.02 [0.92, 1.12] |
| 66.15 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 66.16 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 67 Survival free of major neurosensory disability to early childhood follow up | 2 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 67.1 In all babies | 2 | 1317 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.92, 1.11] |
| 67.2 In babies where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 67.3 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone | 2 | 1317 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.92, 1.11] |
| 67.4 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 2 | 1317 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.92, 1.11] |
| 67.5 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and <14 days | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 67.6 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 67.7 In babies exposed to one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 1 | 257 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.95, 1.01] |
| 67.8 In babies exposed to two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 67.9 In babies exposed to three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 67.10 In babies exposed to four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 67.11 In babies where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 2 | 1317 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.92, 1.11] |
| 67.12 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 67.13 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 67.14 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 1060 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.04 [0.99, 1.10] |
| 67.15 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 67.16 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 68 Major neurosensory disablity at early childhood follow-up | 2 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 68.1 In all babies | 2 | 1256 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.08 [0.31, 3.76] |
| 68.2 In babies where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 68.3 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone | 2 | 1256 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.08 [0.31, 3.76] |
| 68.4 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 2 | 1256 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.08 [0.31, 3.76] |
| 68.5 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and <14 days | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 68.6 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 68.7 In babies exposed to one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 1 | 257 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 3.53 [0.37, 33.52] |
| 68.8 In babies exposed to two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 68.9 In babies exposed to three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 68.10 In babies exposed to four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 68.11 In babies where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 2 | 1256 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.08 [0.31, 3.76] |
| 68.12 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 68.13 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 68.14 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 999 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.77 [0.55, 1.08] |
| 68.15 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 68.16 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 69 Disability at early childhood follow-up | 1 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 69.1 In all babies | 1 | 999 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.83, 1.16] |
| 69.2 In babies where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 69.3 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone | 1 | 999 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.83, 1.16] |
| 69.4 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 1 | 999 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.83, 1.16] |
| 69.5 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and <14 days | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 69.6 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 69.7 In babies exposed to one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 69.8 In babies exposed to two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 69.9 In babies exposed to three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 69.10 In babies exposed to four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 69.11 In babies where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 999 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.83, 1.16] |
| 69.12 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 69.13 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 69.14 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 999 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.83, 1.16] |
| 69.15 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 69.16 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 70 Composite serious outcome at early childhood follow-up (however defined by authors) | 2 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 70.1 In all babies | 2 | 3164 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.87, 1.12] |
| 70.2 In babies where pregnancy complicated by preterm prelabour rupture of membranes | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 70.3 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids as betamethasone | 2 | 3164 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.87, 1.12] |
| 70.4 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 7 days or less | 1 | 1060 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.84, 1.13] |
| 70.5 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval between 8 and <14 days | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 70.6 In babies exposed to repeat corticosteroids at a minimum interval of 14 days or more | 1 | 2104 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.81, 1.25] |
| 70.7 In babies exposed to one repeat course of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 70.8 In babies exposed to two repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 70.9 In babies exposed to three repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 70.10 In babies exposed to four or more repeat courses of prenatal corticosteroids | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 70.11 In babies where planned dose per treatment course 12 mg or less of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 1060 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.84, 1.13] |
| 70.12 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 12 mg to 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 1 | 2104 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.81, 1.25] |
| 70.13 In babies where planned dose per treatment course > 24 mg of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 70.14 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was 12 mg or less/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 2 | 3164 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.87, 1.12] |
| 70.15 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 12 mg/week to 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 70.16 In babies where planned repeat drug exposure was > 24 mg/week of antenatal corticosteroid or equivalent | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 71 Weight small for age at early childhood follow-up | 2 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 71.1 In all babies | 2 | 1448 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.92 [0.71, 1.19] |
| 72 Head circumference small for age at early childhood follow-up | 2 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 72.1 In all babies | 2 | 1442 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.10 [0.77, 1.56] |
| 73 Height small for age at early childhood follow-up | 2 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 73.1 In all babies | 2 | 1441 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.12 [0.63, 2.02] |
| 74 Mean weight at early childhood follow-up | 3 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 74.1 In all babies | 3 | 1776 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.03 [−0.21, 0.15] |
| 75 Mean head circumference at early childhood follow-up | 3 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 75.1 In all babies | 3 | 1776 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.05 [−0.22, 0.11] |
| 76 Mean height at early childhood follow-up | 3 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 76.1 In all babies | 3 | 1776 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.13 [−0.55, 0.30] |
| 77 Weight Z score at early childhood follow-up | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 77.1 In all babies | 1 | 1047 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.03 [−0.19, 0.13] |
| 78 Head circumference Z score at early childhood follow-up | 2 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 78.1 In all babies | 2 | 1290 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.04 [−0.09, 0.18] |
| 79 Height Z score at early childhood follow-up | 2 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 79.1 In all babies | 2 | 1290 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −0.04 [−0.17, 0.09] |
| 80 Developmental delay at early childhood follow-up | 3 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 80.1 In all babies | 3 | 3202 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.84, 1.13] |
| 81 Mental Developmental Index at early childhood follow-up | 2 | 1162 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.23 [−0.65, 3.11] |
| 81.1 In all babies | 2 | 1162 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.23 [−0.65, 3.11] |
| 82 Psychomotor Developmental Index at early childhood follow-up | 1 | 958 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.40 [−1.75, 2.55] |
| 82.1 In all babies | 1 | 958 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.40 [−1.75, 2.55] |
| 83 Bindness at early childhood follow-up | 2 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 83.1 In all babies | 2 | 3151 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.17 [0.65, 2.10] |
| 84 Deafness at early childhood follow-up | 3 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 84.1 In all babies | 3 | 3405 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.85 [0.29, 2.52] |
| 85 Cerebral palsy at early childhood follow-up | 4 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 85.1 In all babies | 4 | 3800 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.03 [0.71, 1.50] |
| 86 Behaviour score at early childhood follow-up within clinical range | 1 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 86.1 In all babies | 1 | 1045 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.09 [0.79, 1.51] |
| 87 Asthma/Wheezing at early childhood follow-up | 3 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 87.1 In all babies | 3 | 1720 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.89 [0.63, 1.27] |
| 88 Hypertensive at early childhood follow-up | 1 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 88.1 In all babies | 1 | 628 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.77, 1.23] |
| 89 Mean systolic blood pressure at early childhood follow-up | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 89.1 In all babies | 1 | 486 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −2.90 [−5.40, −0.40] |
| 90 Mean diasystolic blood pressure at early childhood follow-up | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 90.1 In all babies | 1 | 486 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | −1.0 [−2.86, 0.86] |
| 91 Hospital re-admission by early childhood follow-up | 4 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 91.1 In all babies | 4 | 3824 | Risk Ratio (M-H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.02 [0.93, 1.11] |