Table 2.
Per Capita Annual Income (US$) | p-value | Median Annual Household Income (US$) | p-value | Percent in Poverty | p-value | Percent Employed (over age 16) | p-value | Population size | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta (95% Confidence Interval) | ||||||||||
Per every slot machine per capita on tribal land | 541 (245, 836) | <0.001 | 741 (−48, 1,529)+ | 0.065 | −0.6 (−1.1, − 0.20) | <0.001 | −0.03 (− 0.45, 0.39) | 0.89 | −0.06 (−0.20, 0.08) | 0.415 |
Year | ||||||||||
1990 | Referent | -- | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||||
2000 | 5,756 (1,418, 10,093) | 0.01 | Referent | −31 (−39, − 23) | 0.001 | 3 (−3, 10) | 0.35 | 20 (2, 39) | 0.03 | |
2010 | 7,973 (3,087, 12,859) | 0.002 | 7,970 (−2,669, 18,610) | 0.01 | −31 (−40, − 23) | <0.001 | 9 (2, 16) | 0.02 | 47 (28, 66) | <0.001 |
Constant | 10,288 (7,117, 13,459) | <0.001 | 33,649 (26,667, 40,631) | <0.001 | 66 (61, 72.) | <0.001 | 76 (71, 81) | <0.001 | 141 (128, 154) | <0.001 |
Observations | 243 | 164 | 248 | 234 | 291 | |||||
Tribal lands | 94 | 92 | 95 | 92 | 99 |
CI: Confidence Interval
Slot machines per capita was approximated by the number of slot machines per American Indian for each tribal land, using an average of the 2000 and 2010 US Censes values. The total number of slots was time-varying, depending on casino opening dates and expansion dates.
Average per capita annual income, percent in poverty, percent employed for each tribal land were from 1990, 2000, and 2010 US Census and American Community Survey summary for people who live on the tribal land and report their ethnicity as single-race American Indian. Median household income for single-race AIAN populations was not reported in US Census 1990. Income was deflated to year 2000 values.